Transcript Opening assignment - Bartlett High School

OPENING ASSIGNMENT
TURN IN YOUR WORKSHEET TO MR. CROFT AS
HE WALKS AROUND.
How would you resolve a conflict between two
neighbors?
How might the United States resolve a conflict
between two nations?
WHAT ARE WE LEARNING TODAY
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Essential Learning Goal:
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Learning Targets:
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America became an Imperial power during the late 19th and early 20th
centuries by extending military control over areas outside of the U.S.
and expanding markets for American made goods thanks to a belief in
cultural superiority and global competition.
The student will recognize the expansion of US interests around the
world and which areas of the globe became spheres of American
influence.
The student will identify the economic interests of American business
as a key factor in shaping American foreign policy including; Big Stick,
Dollar, and Missionary Diplomacy, during the early 20th Century.
TAKE NOTES ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS TODAY.
1.
The Panama Canal
2.
The Police Power
3.
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
4.
Big Stick Diplomacy
5.
Dollar Diplomacy
6.
Missionary Diplomacy
TEDDY ROOSEVELT AND
FOREIGN POLICY
• When President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901
Teddy Roosevelt became the President of the United
States.
• Roosevelt soon helped to mediate peace between Russia
and Japan who were involved in an imperialist war for the
Korean peninsula and Manchuria (northeast China).
• Roosevelt helped convince the Japanese to accept only
part of their demands and helped establish a lasting peace
between the two nations.
• President Teddy Roosevelt won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize
for his part in helping ending the Russo-Japanese War.
THE PANAMA CANAL
• Many Americans believed a canal through
central America was not only possible
but would improve global transportation.
• In the 1850’s the US and Britain agreed to
share the rights to such a canal in central
America. By 1901, however the British
had lost interest and gave up their rights
to the canal via a treaty.
• A French company had attempted to
build a canal through Panama in the late
1800’s but were not successful. They
then sent Mr. Bunau-Varilla to sell the
claim to the US.
THE PANAMA CANAL
• The US Congress agreed to buy the claim in Panama,
which at this time was a part of the nation of
Colombia, for $40million.
• Before they could begin working on the canal the US
had to get permission from the Colombian
government. Colombia refused to cooperate and Mr.
Bunau-Varilla helped organize a Panamanian
rebellion.
• The Panamanians were interested in forming their
own nation and with the assistance of US warships
they successfully declared their independence on
November 3, 1903.
PICTURES, CAUSE THEY ARE AWESOME.
BUILDING THE PANAMA CANAL
• Fifteen days after independence from Colombia the new
nation of Panama signed a treaty with the United States in
which the US agreed to pay $10 million and an annual rent
of $250,000 for an area of land across Panama, this area
became known as the Canal Zone.
• Work on the canal began in 1904 and was not completed
until 1914. The building of the canal cost the US $380
million and cost 5,600 workers their lives. Many died from
disease or accidents.
• In the first year it was open 1,000 ships passed through
the Panama Canal.
THE PANAMA CANAL
• US support for the Panamanian rebellion caused
many nations in Latin-America to distrust the
United States.
1. Why would nations distrust the US after this
incident?
2. What “interests” were in fact being supported by
the US involvement in the Panamanian rebellion?
3. Besides the US government what other
Americans benefited from the Canal’s existence?
CRITICAL THINKING
President Teddy Roosevelt was fond of the saying
“speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”
What Presidential power do you think Roosevelt was
referring to when he says carry a big stick?
In what ways did Roosevelt speak softly with foreign
countries?
Give an example of how Teddy Roosevelt used this
proverb to guide his foreign policy?
ANOTHER QUOTE ABOUT POWER
Another famous American had a similar quote during the
1920’s.
“You can get much farther with a kind word and a gun than
you can with a kind word alone.”
-
Alphonse (Al) Capone, Chicago bootlegger and gangster
THE WORLD’S POLICE
THE POLICE POWER
DO NOT COPY THIS SLIDE, READ, LISTEN, AND
CONSIDER.
The authority conferred upon the states by the Tenth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and which the states
delegate to their political subdivisions to enact measures to
preserve and protect the safety, health, Welfare, and morals of
the community.
Police power describes the basic right of governments to make
laws and regulations for the benefit of their communities. Under
the system of government in the United States, only states have
the right to make laws based on their police power. The
lawmaking power of the federal government is limited to the
specific grants of power found in the Constitution.
THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE
• The Monroe Doctrine said that any European attempts to
colonize North or South America would be considered acts
of aggression and that the United States would intervene.
• President Teddy Roosevelt became concerned that
European banks who had lent money to Central American
nations could become a threat if those nations could not
pay back their loans.
BIG STICK DIPLOMACY
• Therefore Roosevelt decided in 1904 that the US could if
needed “exercise an international police power” or in effect
use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America.
DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
• The Taft Administration followed Dollar
Diplomacy, a policy of using U.S. government to
guarantee loans made to foreign countries by
American businesspeople.
• This policy was called DOLLAR DIPLOMACY by
critics and was often used to justify keeping
European powers out of the Caribbean and
Central America.
DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
During the next decade, the US exercised its police
power on several occasions.
• In 1911 the US government led by President Taft
helped Nicaragua get US bank loans to pay off their
debt and in return the US banks gained control of the
Nicaraguan Railroad and the National Bank. The
banks also received any money Nicaragua earned
from import taxes.
• When the Nicaraguan public heard about the deal
they revolted against President Diaz and his
government.
• The US sent 2,000 Marines to put down the revolt
and a Marine detachment stayed in Nicaragua until
1933.
PRESIDENT WILSON’S
MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY
• In 1913 President Woodrow Wilson attempted to give the
Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary a moral tone.
• Wilson believed the U.S. had a moral responsibility to deny
recognition to any Latin American government the U.S.
viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S.
interests. This became known as MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY.
• Prior to this time the U.S. recognized any government that
controlled a nation regardless of that nation’s policies or
how it had come to power.
MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY
• The dictator Porfirio Diaz controlled Mexico for more than
three decades. He encouraged U.S. businesspeople to invest
in his country.
• As a result, foreigners, mostly Americans, owned large
portions of Mexico’s oil industry, mines, railroads, and
ranches.
• While many Mexican landowners got wealthy the vast majority
of Mexicans were poor.
• In 1911 Francisco Madero, Mexican peasants and workers
overthrew Diaz and attempted to start democratic reforms.
MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY
When Madero failed to unite the nation behind his reforms
General Huerta took over the government and within days
Madero was found murdered.
U.S. President Wilson refused to recognize the Mexican
government under General Huerta.
Wilson watched and waited for an opportunity to use his POLICE
POWER.
When a small groups of U.S. sailors were arrested in Tampico,
Mexico the sailors were quickly released and Mexican officials
apologized to the U.S.
MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY
President Wilson decided the incident was an act of aggression
and used it as an excuse to intervene in Mexico.
The U.S. Marine Corp invaded Veracruz, Mexico and occupied
the town. 18 Americans and 200 Mexicans died in the invasion.
The two nations came close to war but Argentina, Brazil, and
Chile stepped in to negotiate the conflict.
The US proposed that General Huerta step down and the US
would leave without paying for damages. Mexico refused to
agree and the Huerta government soon collapsed.
REBELLION IN MEXICO
Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata began
rebellions against the new leader the new Mexican President
Carranza.
When the US government recognized the President Carranza
Pancho Villa threatened reprisals against the US. When US
businessmen traveled to Mexico to operate a mine Pancho
Villa stopped their train and shot them.
The US finally responded by sending the US army after Villa
when he crossed the US boarder and raided Columbus, New
Mexico killing 17 Americans. The Mexican government
became angry at US soldiers on their land and the Mexican
army under Carranza and the US army under John J.
Pershing clashed war seemed eminent.
TICKET OUT THE DOOR
How did President Roosevelt practice his belief in “speak
softly and carry a big stick” during the two events in LatinAmerica?
Why was the United States interested in “protecting” LatinAmerica from European influence?
How does the United States’ actions connect to the three
factors that fueled American Imperialism?
1. Desire for new markets
2. Desire for military strength
3. Belief in cultural superiority