Transcript George Washington

GEORGE WASHINGTON
POLITICAL PARTY: NO
PARTY DESIGNATION
TERM: 1789-1797
PRESIDENT NUMBER: #1
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington
General Information
 Vice President: John Adams (1789-1797 )
 Cabinet members (all 1789-1797):
 Henry Knox as Secretary of War
 John Jay as Secretary of Foreign Affairs
 Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury
 Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State
 Edmund Randolph as Attorney General
 States Admitted into Union
 North Carolina: Nov. 21, 1789
 Rhode Island: May 29, 1790
 Vermont: March 4, 1791
 Kentucky: June 1,1792
 Tennessee: June 1, 1796
http://americanhistory.about.com/od/states/a/state_admission.htm
http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/washington/section8.rhtml
John Adams
http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photosamericanhistory/John%20Adams,%20Asher%20B.%
20Durand-500.jpg
1st Term (1789-1792)
 George Washington
 Unanimously voted to be
president
 Electoral college: 69 votes
 John Adams
 Electoral college: 34 votes
 Promised to uphold the
Constitution of the US
 Said that he would preserve
the "sacred fire of liberty”
 No popular vote until 1824
 No party designation
http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/washington/section8.rhtml
The American Pageant 12th Edition pg. A58
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1789.svg
2nd Term (1792-1797)
 George Washington
 Unanimously voted to be
president
 Electoral vote: 132
 Originally wanted to retire
 John Adams
 Electoral vote:77
 George Clinton
 Electoral vote: 50
after his first presidential
term
 Decided to run again to try
to halt the rise of political
parties
 No popular vote until 1824
 No party designation
http://www.presidentelect.org/e1792.html
The American Pageant 12th Edition pg. A58
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1792.svg
George Washington – First President (1789)
 George Washington becomes the first president of the
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United States
He was unanimously voted
The first inauguration took place on April 30, 1789
Sworn in by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston
The inaugural ceremony took place on the balcony
of Federal Hall in New York City, then the first US
Capitol and the first site where the 1st United States
Congress met
Impact: George Washington leads the nation as the first
president and becomes a role model for others to follow
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington
Judiciary Act of 1789
 Established a federal court system
 The judicial branch composed of a
Supreme Court
 Court composed of one Chief Justice and
five Associate Justices
 Impact: created 13 judicial districts within
11 states that had then ratified the
Constitution. The courts are also
instruments of democratic government,
binding a diverse nation together.
http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_
Large/1800/ELT200711111159239058
643.JPG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789
http://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/democrac/8.htm
North Carolina admitted to Union (1789)
 In 1653, some Virginians settled in
what would become North Carolina
 In 1663, King Charles II issued a royal
charter to eight nobles to settle the
area south of Virginia. They created
Carolina and included the previous
settlement
 Due to internal problems, crown took
over colony and formed North and
South Carolina out of it in 1729
 Impact: growing class of planters,
would join the Confederate States of
America
http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/colo
nialamerica/p/ncarolinacolony.htm
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com
mons/thumb/0/04/Map_of_North_Carolina
_highlighting_Franklin_County.svg/800pxMap_of_North_Carolina_highlighting_Fran
klin_County.svg.png
Samuel Slater – first American factory (1790)
 “The Father of the Factory System”
 given credit for building the first successful
water-powered cotton mill
 style of factory construction and workforce
management set the pattern for industrial
development throughout New England
 Impact: represented a tremendous step
forward for industry in the United States,
which had been struggling to catch up to
Great Britain in technological advancement
http://www.historycooperative.org/j
ournals/sia/31.1/images/malone_fig
07b.jpg
http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/eueh_02/eueh_02_00827.html
The American Pageant 12th Edition pg 300
Alexander Hamilton’s financial program (1790)
 From the revolution, the federal government had a
huge debt: $54 million including interest. The states
owed another $25 million
 Hamilton proposed that the government assume the
entire debt of the federal government and the states
 Plan was to borrow new money at lower interest rate
 For southern votes, Hamilton promised to support
locating the national capital on the banks of the
Potomac River, the border between two southern
states, Virginia and Maryland
http://www.wpclipart.com/money/mone
 He was very successful
y_bags/money_bag_green.png.html
 Impact: he made the United States attractive to
foreign investors
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=6
Republican Motherhood (1790)
 Women who ran households in the
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absence of men became more assertive
If the republic were to succeed,
women must be schooled in virtue so
they could teach their children
The first American female academies
were founded in the 1790s
Education and respect would lead to
the emergence of a powerful,
outspoken middle class of women
Impact: Women were becoming more
important in society
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi
a/commons/4/4d/The_artist_and_his_
family_james_peale.jpg
http://www.ushistory.org/us/12d.asp
Rhode Island admitted into Union (1790)
 Known for its fierce independence
 Was last to ratify US Constitution
 Roger Williams banished to England by
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Massachusetts Bay Colony for beliefs in
separation of church and state
He fled and formed Providence in 1636.
Anne Hutchinson also banished for speaking
out against the Church in Massachusetts Bay
She formed Portsmouth.
All settlements joined together with
permission from England to form Providence
Plantations – later called Rhode Island
Impact: first to guarantee all its citizens
freedom of worship
http://www.rhodeislandsexoffend
ers.net/images/maps/rhode_islan
d-2.png
http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/colonialamerica/p
/rhodecolony.htm
First Bank of the US (1791)
 Modeled after the Bank of England
 collect taxes, hold government funds,
make loans
 Hamilton argued that Congress had
power to create a bank – Constitution
granted federal government authority to
do anything "necessary and proper" to
carry out constitutional functions (in
this case fiscal duties)
 In 1791, Congress passed a bill creating a
national bank for a term of 20 years
 Impact: A national bank was created
and led to future banks
http://gulfofmexicooilspillblog.files.
wordpress.com/2011/02/history_gir
ard_national_bank.jpg
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=6
Bill of Rights (1791)
 First ten amendments to the Constitution, which limit the
power of the U.S. federal government
 serve to protect the natural rights of liberty and property
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freedom of religion
free speech
free press
free assembly
free association
right to keep and bear arms
http://www.redstaplerchronicles.co
m/wpcontent/uploads/2008/05/bill.gif
 Came into effect December 15, 1791 through the process
of ratification by three-fourths of the States
 Impact: plays a key role in American law and government,
and remains a vital symbol of the freedoms and culture of the
nation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/billofrightsintro.html
George Washington – Second Term (1793)
 Took place in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall
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in Philadelphia on March 4, 1973
The President gave the shortest inaugural address
ever given
Address was one of the few ever given before the
oath was taken
Unanimously voted for a second time
Impact: George Washington starts the tradition of
presidents serving for two terms because any longer
would give a man too much power, as he said
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington
Cotton Gin (1793)
 Eli Whitney - inventor and a pioneer
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in the mass production of cotton
automated the seed separation
process
generate up to fifty pounds of
cleaned cotton daily, making cotton
production profitable for the
southern states
Manufactured as many cotton gins
as possible and installed them
throughout Georgia and the
southern states
Impact: revolutionized the cotton
industry in the United States
http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/21900/21971/cotton_gin_21971_lg.gif
http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/cotton_gin.htm
Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)
 Designed to keep America out of further wars
 Stated that the US would:
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not offer protection to Americans who violated neutrality laws
prosecute anyone within its jurisdiction who violated international
law with respect to neutrality
 Many supported the French cause because they
considered the French resistance to be similar to their
own fight during the Revolutionary War. Others were on
England's side.
 Washington believed that if they got involved in the
European war, it could mean destruction to the States
through division or bringing the war to America
 Impact: kept the US from war with England
http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/proclamation-of-neutralityby-george-washington-april-22-1793.html
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h453.html
Citizen Genet Affair (1793)
 Edmond-Charles Genêt - French Ambassador to the
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US during French Revolution
was dispatched to the US to promote American support
for France's wars with Spain and Britain
Instead of traveling to Philadelphia to present himself
to George Washington for accreditation, he stayed in
South Carolina
goals in South Carolina were to recruit and arm
American privateers who would join French expeditions
against the British
commissioned four privateering ships and raised a
militia
He endangered American neutrality in the war between
France and Britain
Impact: His activities violated an American
proclamation of neutrality in the European conflict and
greatly embarrassed France’s supporters in the US
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EdmondCharles_Gen%C3%AAt.png
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118798/Citizen-Genet-Affair
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond-Charles_Gen%C3%AAt
Fugitive Slave Law of 1973
 Guaranteed right of a slaveholder
to recover an escaped slave
 Slave hunters were allowed to
capture an escapee in any territory
or state and were required only to
confirm orally before a state or
federal judge that the person was a
runaway
 Impact: Fugitive Slave Act was
inconsistently enforced and
provoked ill feeling between north
and south states
http://www.libraries.wvu.edu/dela
ny/freeman.gif
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h480.html
Jay Treaty With England (1794-95)
 The withdrawal of British soldiers from posts in the
American West
 A commission established to
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settle border issues between the U.S. and Canada
resolve American losses in British ship seizures and Loyalist losses
during the War of Independence
 Washington was still a widely
admired man, but he came under
sharp attack during this time
 Jay resigned from the Supreme Court
 Impact: significant because of the
tremendous uproar it caused
http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_
Large/4754/ELT200802010112056404
664.PNG
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h455.html
Whiskey Rebellion of 1794
 A tax protest
 Farmers who sold their corn in the
form of whiskey had to pay a tax
which was a part of Hamilton's
program to pay off national debt
 Tariff eliminated any profit by the
farmers from the sale of an
important cash crop
 About 20 men were arrested, but all
were later acquitted or pardoned
 Impact: demonstrated that the
new national government had the
willingness and ability to suppress
violent resistance to its laws
http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/presidents/Lesson_P
lans/Washington_Lesson_Plans/Political_Cart
oon_LP/Cartoon_4_Whiskey_Rebellion.JPG
http://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/Th
e_Great_Republic_By_the_Master_Historians_V
ol_II/whiskeyre_if.html
http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/whiskey/
Battle of Fallen Timbers (1974)
 Final battle of the Northwest Indian War
 struggle between American Indian tribes affiliated
with the Western Confederacy and the United States
for control of the Northwest Territory
 U.S. forces used their superior numbers and
arms to advantage
 The battle was a decisive victory for the
United States
 United States led by General Anthony Wayne http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd
9GcQDo-ZT3gMeV8C2eS3SWover a confederacy of native Americans led
HYxJnZwy0bz5maZvEbSsH9A7i1WGyA09TFQ_X
by Miami Chief Little Turtle opened the
Northwest Territory for white settlement
 Impact: ended major hostilities in the
region until Tecumseh's War and the Battle
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1015.html
of Tippecanoe in 1811.
http://www.fallentimbersbattlefield.com/about.asp
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
 Former contending forces gathered at Greenville (today in western
Ohio) to sign peace agreement
 Terms of the Treaty of Greenville included:
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The tribes agreed to surrender their claims to lands in the southeastern portion
of the Northwest Territory
The tribes gave up additional defined areas that were used by the whites as
portages and fort locations. This category included Fort Detroit and the site of the
future town of Chicago on Lake Michigan
The United States government agreed to make an immediate payment of to
$20,000 in goods to the tribes, as well as annual payments of $9,500 in goods to
be divided among specified tribes
The tribes retained the right to hunt throughout the area.
 The Native Americans abided by the terms of the treaty
 American settlers did not. New white settlements outside of the
treaty area were established almost immediately
 Impact: Resistance would emerge in the early years of the next
century in lands slightly farther west
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1016.html
Naturalization Act 1795
 Repealed and replaced the Naturalization Act of 1790
 During the 1790's, many in U.S. were concerned with the
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growth in number of political refugees
Congress on January 29, 1795 modified the Act of 1790
The 1795 Act differed from the 1790 Act by increasing the
period of required residence from two to five years in
the United States
Introduced the Declaration of Intention requirement,
which created a two-step naturalization process
Conferred the status of citizen and not natural born
citizen
Impact: people lived in the United States longer if they
wanted to become a citizen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1795
http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/naturalization/
Pinckney Treaty With Spain (1795)
 Thomas Pinckney, U.S. minister to
Britain, was dispatched to Spain and
won two highly wanted concessions:
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Spain recognized U.S. borders at the
Mississippi and the 31st parallel (the northern
border of Florida, a Spanish possession)
Spain granted Americans the right to deposit
goods for transshipment at New Orleans
 Spain granted these to the United States,
not from fear of America's military
might, but from concern over major
power diplomatic realities
 Impact: treaty allowed the U.S. to gain
access to the area now known as the
states of Mississippi and Alabama
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
7/70/Thomas_Pinckney.jpg
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h454.html
http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/sanlorenzo/
Washington’s Farewell Address
 Was later named a "Farewell Address"
 valedictory after 45 years of service to the
new republic, first during the French and Indian
War, through the American Revolution, and finally
as the nation's first president
 Warning against the rise of political parties and
sectionalism as a threat to national unity
 Foreign affairs – Washington called for America "to
steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of
the foreign world"
http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/farewell.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington's_Farewell_Address
Washington’s Farewell Address
 Warns the people to question the motives of any person or
group of people who argue that the land within the borders of
the United States is too large to be ruled as a republic
 Strong warnings on the dangers of sectionalism, arguing that
the true motives of a sectionalist are to create distrust or
rivalries between regions and people to gain power and take
control of the government
 Washington argues that political parties must be restrained in
a popularly elected government because of:
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their tendency to distract the government from their duties
create unfounded jealousies among groups and regions
raise false alarms amongst the people
promote riots and insurrection
provide foreign nations and interests access to the government where
they can impose their will upon the country
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington's_Farewell_Address
http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/farewell.html
Quotes
 PRAISE
 CRITICISM
 “It wasn’t his generalship
 “Washington's intellect,
that made him stand out . .
. It was the way he attended
to and stuck by his men.
His soldiers knew that he
respected and cared for
them, and that he would
share their severe
hardships.” –Richard
Neustadt
 “America Needs a Leader
Like George Washington”—
John Ridpath
http://ariwatch.com/GeorgeWashington.htm
http://www.michaelleestallard.com/george-washington-worthy-of-praise-2
was not of the very first
order.”—Thomas Jefferson
 “Washington was guilty of
nepotism, wasting public
funds, coveting a monarchy
and needlessly seeking war
against France.”—
Benjamin Bache
http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/travpres/gws3.htm
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h459.html
Impact and Legacy
Became known as the “Father of Our Country”
Was the first president
Was a role model for future presidents
Was a leader for the country as well as for the army
His choice to not take a third term contributed
powerfully to establishing a two term tradition for
American presidents
 His firm leadership gave a credibility to the new federal
government that assured its survivability
 His administration's fiscal policies brought sorely
needed economic stability
 His leadership kept the country safely removed from
involvement in the Anglo-French conflicts of the 1790s
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http://gardenofpraise.com/ibdwash.htm
The American Pageant 12th Edition pg 201
http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/travpres/gws3.htm
BY: SARAH PARK
PERIOD 7
DUE: OCTOBER 18, 2011