Transcript The United States and Foreign Policy

• Foreign Policy Homework
• Regents 2008 Multiple Choice Questions
right after the index in the back of your
review books
• Do the Scaffolding questions from the
documents. You do not have to write the
essays, but answer the documents.
• All work is due tomorrow, the multiple
choice will be counted as a test
The United States and
Foreign Policy
The Spanish – American War
Imperialism
World War I
Isolationism
World War II
The Cold War
The Spanish-American War
• The Cubans revolt against Spanish rule
• America wants to uphold a strong Monroe
Doctrine
• American Hawks want to defeat an aging
European power and take its possessions
• The US is poorly prepared for modern war
Causes of the Spanish-American
War
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Yellow Journalism
USS Maine
American Imperialism
Cuban Concentration Camps
DeLome Letter believing that McKinley was a
weak leader and would not act
• American desire to fight
• Strong US Navy
• Cuban Revolutionaries and fighting against the
Spanish
Spanish-American War
• America easily defeats the Spanish in war in
1898
• Take the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico and
Cuba
• US not prepared for war, Theodore Roosevelt
will blast the government for the inability to have
modern resources and leadership.
• America is an Imperial power with colonies and
coaling stations around the world
American Foreign Policy, 19001914
• Monroe Doctrine – America is the strongest
power in the Western Hemisphere
• Roosevelt Corollary – America will use its own
forces and finances to regain European debts,
no need for European intervention in the
Caribbean and Latin America
• Taft Dollar Diplomacy – America will pay Latin
American debts to Europeans. We will intervene
to get money back from these nations
• Both policies cause resentment, but no new
European expansion
World War I
• The United States remains neutral for three
years
• Germany uses their U-boats to sink shipping in
the Atlantic Ocean
• Americans look at Germany as the main
aggressor
• Sinking of the Lusitania
• The Zimmerman Note to Mexico – Germany will
give back to Mexico – Arizona, New Mexico and
Texas if they fight the US
• World War I is a costly and deadly war
Causes of World War I
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Alliance System
Militarism
Assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand
New and deadly weapons
Nationalism
Imperialism
Mistrust and constant fighting
World War I
• The United States intervenes on the side of the
Allies
• Deadly war in the trenches and gas
• Germany loses the war and must follow the
Treaty of Versailles
• The rights of self determination for nations to
choose their own governments
• The League of Nations is weak and America will
not support this organization. No more ties to
European affairs. Our nation will follow a strong
policy of isolationism.
The US and the Interwar Years
• US policy of Isolationism
• No involvement in foreign affairs
• Russia becomes communist under the
Soviet Union.
• Schneck v. United States – Limitations on
the Freedom of Speech, concerns over
communism and actions of people
• US has one of the poorest equipped
militaries in the world
Causes of World War II
• League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles. The league
has no real power and the treaty is despised by the
Germans. War guilt and reparations are not paid by
Adolph Hitler
• Aggression by totalitarian leaders
• Appeasement to Hitler in the Rhine, Austria and
Czechoslovakia.
• Neutrality Acts help aggressor nations by not supplying
the weaker countries with weapons
• Even as a strong Germany and Japan mobilize for war,
the American public wants to strengthen our economy
and continue isolationism
World War II
• September 1, 1939 will mark the beginning of World War
II and the end of the Great Depression
• The United States knows that Germany is the main
aggressor and will provide England with:
• Lend-Lease
• Bases for Destroyers
• Cash Carry
• Convoy Escort
• America will support England and later the Soviet Union,
not a truly neutral nation
• Germany will again attack American shipping
The fighting of World War II
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The US is not ready for modern war
America will fight a two front war
FDR will approve of the testing/research of the Atomic Bomb.
America will use total war to defeat the Germans and Japanese.
The Atomic Bomb is used to defeat the Japanese and deter the
Soviets during the Cold War
War Crimes trials will be held against German and Japanese
leaders
These leaders are held responsible for war crimes and are
imprisoned or killed
The United Nations is developed into a stronger global community
working together that disputes do not turn into large wars
Koretmatsu vs. United States – Japanese are interned during the
war. The Supreme Court rules in favor of the government for these
war actions. Japanese citizens are later giving reparations.
The Cold War
• The United States and Soviet Union emerge as
the two main global leaders
• Right away tensions arise over communist and
capitalist expansion
• Force must be used against the Soviets to
prevent wide scale communist expansion
• China falls to the communists and this will scare
Americans
• Winston Churchill and the Iron Curtain Speech –
Communism has spread from the Baltic to the
Mediterranean Sea
Korean War
• Containment of communism to the Korean Peninsula
that will show American resolve to fight and to aid our
friends
• MacArthur wants to use the atomic bomb, widen the war
and attack China
• Truman fires MacArthur, keep the war localized. No
global war
• South Korea is saved and preserved by the American
army
• Domino Theory – If one nation falls others will soon
follow. The US must contain communism in the weakest
areas of the world and support friends and allies
The Cold War and the United
States
• McCarthyism – Americans are concerned with the expansion of
communism. Strong belief that our nation has communists in the
government.
• Loyalty Oaths for government employees, the military and teachers
• Limitation of American rights –Hollywood Blacklist, writers and
authors
• Marshall Plan – American economic and military aid to those nations
fighting the communists (Greece, Turkey, Germany and Japan)
• Truman Doctrine – The US will economically and militarily support
those nations that are fighting the communists
• Eisenhower Doctrine – The US will deter the spread of communism
in the Middle East (Iran)
Social Changes in the United
States
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1940’s – 1950’s America
Baby Boom
Interstate Highway Network
Taft Hartley Act
Montgomery GI Bill
Levittown
Strong economy
Integration of the United States
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Plessy v. Ferguson legalizes Segregation, Separate but Equal
Progressives poor record on integration
Desegregation of the Army
Jackie Robinson
Brown v. Board of Education – Desegregation of Schools and the
use of federal troops
Rosa Parks
Martin Luther King with civil disobedience
Boycott of bus stations, restaurants for change
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Act of 1965
Booker T. Washington vs. WEB DuBois
Malcolm X and the Black Panthers
Containment of the Communists
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Berlin Airlift
The Korean War
Hold onto Berlin
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact – American
Alliance System
• Mutually Assured Destruction
• More Bang for the Buck
The Vietnam War
• The USA wants to support Third World
Nations like Vietnam
• The French lose control of Vietnam after
their loss at Diem Bein Phu
• Start of larger American commitment in the
1950’s to a dictatorship in South Vietnam
• This is Americas longest war
The Vietnam War
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – Broad
Executive Powers for LBJ in the American
conduct to wage war
• LBJ will determine when the threat is
contained in South Vietnam
• Guerilla and limited war
• The US will escalate the war
LBJ and the Great Society
• Passes more social legislation then FDR
• Helps the United States during positive economic times
• Will create more jobs, chances for education and
opportunity amongst the youth, minorities and the poor
• War on Poverty help all areas that are poor and unable
to attain the American Dream
• Concerns over welfare state and government spending
• LBJ passes more social legislation then FDR, but is
always known for the Vietnam War
• New Deal and Great Society will be paired together as
government intervention to help Americans
Vietnam and America
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Protest against the war
Liberal vs. Conservative views
End of the draft
Limitations placed on executive power to
send Americans to fight in distant lands
The Vietnam War
• America will send 500,000 soldiers to this
nation and have 59,000 killed in combat
• Very unpopular war and resentment
towards our government with the draft
• Conservative vs. Liberal View
• Vietnamization – Turning the war over to
the South Vietnamese with the hope of
victory.
Vietnam and the Cold War
• The United States will limit the amount of
presidential authority with the War Powers Act of
1973.
• This will reverse the Broad Executive Power and
force our leaders to ask for more support from
the people/Congress
• Vietnam was an unpopular war, the end to the
draft and American soldiers will not easily be
sent over seas
• America loses it military prestige after our defeat
in Vietnam
1970’s America
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Nixon and Watergate
Nixon v. United States
New York Times v. United States
Oil Crisis
Hostage Crisis
Inflation
Gerald Ford
Jimmy Carter
SALT
Détente
Afghanistan
Emergence of Ronald Reagan
1980’s and President Reagan
• Concerns over the expansion of Crack and
Aids in American Society
• Trickle Down Economics
• Iran-Contra Affair
• End of the Cold War/Berlin War/America is
the lone Super Power
The 1980’s and the Cold War
• President Reagan promises to restore American pride
and power
• Rebuild the American military and oppose all communist
expansion
• Concerns over presidential power with the Iran-Contra
Affair. Reagan shows a lack of checks and balances
with the illegal actions of selling weapons to Iran and
sending the proceeds to the Contras.
• Loss in executive faith and talk of impeachment charges
• Reagan will outspend the Soviets to end the war.
Perestroika and Glasnost for the Soviet Union
• US emerges as the lone Super Power
1990 to the Present
• Containment of Saddem Hussein in Iraq
over oil
• US peacekeeping in Somalia, Yugoslavia
and Haiti
• President Clinton balances the budget
• Clinton/Lewinsky Affair – Perjury, faces
impeachment
• Rise of Terrorism – World Trade Center
Attacks, USS Cole, Kobi Towers
9/11
• Attacks on American soil – NYC,
Washington and Pennsylvania
• Patriot Act – tightens security in our nation,
limitation on our rights
• American involvement in Iraq and
Afghanistan
• Bush and Weapons of Mass Destruction
• Economic downturn – Housing and
Business crisis
Little Know Important Terms
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Title IX
Affirmative Action
Suffrage Movement – Seneca Fall Convention
Roe v. Wade
Camp David Accords
Caesar Chavez
Rationing
Rosie the Riveter
Muckrackers
Securities Exchange Commission
54-40 or Fight
Popular Sovereignty
Interstate Commerce
22nd Amendment
Loyalty Oaths
Dawes Act 1860’s
Dawes Act 1920’s
Homestead Act of 1862