Transcript Westward Expansion PPT.

WESTWARD
EXPANSION
Go West Young Man!!
United States – 1800
Louisiana Purchase
• President Jefferson wants control of New
Orleans
• French need funds for their war against
the British
• French sell Louisiana for about $15
million.
United States – 1810
Convention of 1818
• Britain and United States establish the
northern border at the 49th parallel.
• The border extends west, to the Rocky
Mountains.
• Both countries agree to occupy Oregon
Country
Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
• John Quincy Adams and Louis de Onis
• Main Points
– Renounced any U.S. claim of Texas
– Established the border of the Louisiana
purchase
– Gave U.S. control of Florida
United States – 1820
Missouri Compromise
• Sectionalism: loyalty to the interests of a
region or section of the country
• Missouri and Maine want to be a state
• Free or slave?
• Henry Clay: “The Great Compromiser”
– Missouri slave
– Maine Free
– 36 30’ Parallel
Missouri Compromise
United States – 1830
Oregon Trail/California Trail
Mormon Trail
Santa Fe Trail
Manifest Destiny
• Mormon Trail, Santa Fe Trail and Oregon
Trail (pg. 421)
• Tensions grow between Texas and Mexico
over disputed land
• Texas revolts against Mexico
• The Alamo and Victory at San Jacinto
• The Republic of Texas…..short lived
The Republic of Texas
• Lone Star Republic
• Sam Houston elected President of Texas
• Texas government asks the U.S. to annex
Texas
• Fearing another slave state, Congress
votes against annexation
Annexation of Texas- 1845
• President James K. Polk intends to
acquire Texas as a state.
• Dec. 28, 1845 Texas Congress approves
the annexation
• Mexico is angered because they view
Texas as a “stolen province.”
United States – 1840
Treaty of Oregon – 1846
• In order to avoid war, Great Britain and
United States agree to extend the 49th
parallel to the ocean.
• United States acquires Oregon Country
with the new U.S.-Canada border
established.
• Oregon becomes a territory in Aug. 1848
Mexican-American War
• Mexico cuts off ties with the United States,
angered by the annexation of Texas.
• Mexico disputes that the border for Texas
is not the Rio Grande, but the Nueces
River
• Polk sends troops to camp along Rio
Grande
• Supposedly, Mexican troops attack and kill
a group of U.S. soldiers, beginning the
war.
The War
• General Stephen Kearny takes New
Mexico without firing a shot
• He then takes California with the help of
American settlers in Northern California
• “The Bear Flag Revolt”
• General Winfield Scott takes Mexico City
on September of 1847
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848
• U.S. wins the war and Mexico gives up the
Mexican Cession
• Area included present-day California,
Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona, New
Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming.
• America promises to protect the 80,000
Mexicans living in Texas
United States – 1850
California Grows
• 1849 sparked a huge population jump in
California
• Immigrants move westward for new
opportunity
• With more people, California applied to
become a state
• California wanted to be a free state
• Southerners wanted to split the state into
half slave and half free
Sutter's Mill
The Compromise of 1850
• Henry Clay comes up with a plan yet again
– California would be a free state and the slave
trade would be abolished in Washington D.C.
– Congress would not pass any slave laws on
the new territories from Mexico
– Fugitive Slave Act: fugitives could be arrested
without a warrant, no trial was given and
anyone helping a runaway would be
penalized
The New Territories
• Utah and New Mexico Territories
• Due to the Compromise of 1850 Congress
could make no laws regarding slavery in
the new territories
• Popular Sovereignty: the residents of the
new territories were allowed to vote on
slavery
Compromise of 1850
Gadsden Purchase – 1853
• James Gadsden negotiates with Mexico
for southern parts of Arizona and New
Mexico.
• U.S. pays $10 million to Mexico
• Southern continental boundary finally set
with Mexico.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• The Nebraska Territory was split into two
territories: Kansas and Nebraska
• Stephen Douglas of Illinois instituted
popular sovereignty in the two territories to
gain support from the South
• The bill passed and started a rush to the
new territories
Bleeding Kansas
• Missouri residents illegally vote in the
Kansas vote for slavery
• Antislavery residents protest
• A proslavery mob of citizens attacks
Lawrence, Kansas: Sack of Lawrence
• John Brown leads antislavery leaders and
kills five proslavery neighbors:
Potawatomie Creek Massacre
• Civil unrest and fighting for three years
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
United States – 1860