Transcript Start of Cold Warx

Which of the following statements do you most agree with?
( why or why not??????)
A. Nations should develop nuclear weapons to strengthen their defense.
B. Nations should develop nuclear weapons only if their enemies have them.
C. Nations should agree with their enemies to ban nuclear weapons, as their
potential for destruction outweighs their benefits for defense
D. Nations should not develop nuclear weapons, even if their enemies have them.
The Cold War 19451991
Cold War
• The Cold War was a time after WW2 when the
USA and the Soviet Union were rivals for
world influence.
Origins of the Cold War
•
•
•
•
U.S.-Soviet Relations to 1945
Allies in World War II
Postwar Cooperation – the U.N
Satellite States in Eastern
Europe
• Occupation Zones in Germany
• Iron Curtain
Roots of the Cold War
• Philosophical differences between the Soviet
Union and the United States reached back to the
1920s.
Philosophical
Differences • Soviet Union: communism, totalitarian
dictatorship
• United States: free-enterprise capitalism, republic
• Allies during the war, but not truly friends
World War II • Soviets wanted British and Americans to open a
second European front earlier in the war.
Conflicts
• U.S. atomic bomb plans worried Soviet Union.
Postwar
Conflicts
• The Soviet Union refused to let Eastern Europe
hold elections as promised at Yalta.
• The United States resisted Soviet expansion.
coldwar
•Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
•Competition for world dominance and global power.
•Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on military
battlefields---------Even though the threat of war was always present.
•Defined America’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1989.
•It affected domestic politics and how Americans viewed the world
and themselves.
•Constant state of military preparedness and arms race
Propaganda war----Democracy vs Communism
US policy: Support nations threatened by Communism
N
A
T
O
Communistic
Warsaw Pact
Communistic
Warsaw Pact
The Bi-Polarization of Europe:
map/cold war
The Beginning of the Cold War
1950’s
Democracy vs. Communism
Bi-Polarization of the World
US, Allied Nations
and Allied colonies.
Soviet Union/China and
Allies……..
The Cold War: Roots of the Conflict
Soviet
Expansion:
· The Soviet
Union
occupied
most of
Eastern
Europe by
the end of
World War
II.
Satellite State
When a nation is under the control of
another.
Ex. Part of Germany was under the control of
the Soviet Union.
Other examples: Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria
The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an
iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind
that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern
Europe.
-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
Truman Doctrine [1947]
1. Civil War in Greece.
2. Turkey under pressure from the USSR for
concessions in the Dardanelles.
3. The U. S. should support free peoples
throughout the world who were resisting
takeovers by armed minorities or outside
pressures…We must assist free peoples to
work out their own destinies in their own
way.
4. The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million
in aid.
Marshall Plan [1948]
1. “European Recovery
Program.”
2. Secretary of State,
George Marshall
3. The U. S. should provide
aid to all European nations
that need it. This move
is not against any country or doctrine,
but against hunger, poverty, desperation,
and chaos.
4. $12.5 billion of US aid to Western
Europe extended to Eastern Europe &
USSR, [but this was rejected].
* The U.S. gave over $12 billion in aid to European countries
between 1948 and 1952, helping to improve their economies
and lessen the chance of communist revolutions.
map/cold war
1950’s
Containment:
Stop the
expansion of
Communism in
Asia and
Europe
US, Allied Nations
and Allied colonies.
Soviet Union/China and
Allies……..
Soviet Union
1918
Berlin
Blockade 19478
Eastern
Europe
1946
China
1949
Korean War
1950 to 1953
CONTAINMENT
Marshall Plan
Berlin Airlift
NATO
Korean War
Communist Expansion
A Chronology of Events
Focus on Berlin
• After World War II,
Germany was divided
into four zones,
occupied by French,
British, American, and
Soviet troops.
Occupation zones after
1945. Berlin is the
multinational area
within the Soviet zone.
Soviet blockade:
East Berlin
West
Germany
East
Germany
West Berlin
· In June of 1948, the
French, British and
American zones were
joined into the nation of
West Germany after the
Soviets refused to end
their occupation of
Germany.
· In response, the
Soviets cut off West
Berlin from the rest of
the world with a
blockade.
Eventual site of the Berlin Wall
Berlin Airlift
· President Truman
decided to avoid the
blockade by flying in
food and other supplies to
the needy people of West
Berlin.
· At times, over 5,000
tons of supplies arrived
daily.
The Crisis in Berlin
Soviets Bloc Traffic
The Berlin Airlift
• In June 1948 the
Soviets announced
that they would
block any road, rail,
or river traffic into
West Berlin.
• British and
American planes
began making
deliveries to West
Berlin.
• West Berlin’s
residents were cut
off from food, coal,
and other products.
• West Berlin was not
completely cutoff
because it had
airstrips.
NATO Forms
• In 1949 the U.S. and
6 other nations joined
Belgium, France,
Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, and the
U.K. to form NATO.
• The Berlin Airlift
continued for
• An armed attack
months and
against one would be
months.
considered an attack
• Finally, the Soviet
Union lifted its
blockade on May
12, 1949.
against all.
• Today, 26 countries
belong to NATO.
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• In 1949 the western nations formed the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization to co- ordinate their
defense against USSR.
•It originally consisted of:
–America
–Belgium
–Britain
–Canada
–Denmark
–France
–Holland
–Italy
–Luxembourg
–Norway
–Portugal
•.
Warsaw Pact (1955)
Soviet Union and satellite states rival alliance to NATO
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U. S. S. R.
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East Germany
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Albania
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Hungary
}
Bulgaria
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Poland
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Czechoslovakia
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Rumania
NATO
Mao Tse Tung
•Mao Tse Tung, defeats Chang Kai Shek in
the Chinese Civil War…..
•China became a communistic country.
•Chang Kai Shak is exiled to Taiwan.
•Mao Tse Tung becomes the Communistic
leader of China.
•US believed there was a communistic plot to
rule the world
NATO
Chang Kai Shek