Transcript Chapter 6

Tuesday, October 4
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I can…
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Explain why Spain closed
its East Texas missions
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Do Now
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Get out the packet from
yesterday
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Today:
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Chapter 7.1 Lecture
Notes
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partner
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Set up C-Notes
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NDPTRC
Topic: Spanish Texas 1763-1819
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EQ: Why did why Spain close its East Texas missions?
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Section 1
Spanish Texas 1763-1819
Alliances among several countries changed
the boundary and settlement of Texas
Pages 138-142
Catching mustangs
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Spain Acquires Louisiana
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Great Britain’s victory over France in the
Seven Years’ War (1756-1763) changed
the balance of power in the Americas
Under the Treaty of Paris of 1763, Great
Britain gained Canada and all French
land east of the Mississippi River except,
New Orleans
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Spain got New Orleans and all French land
west of the Mississippi
France was no longer a colonial power in
North America
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Spain questions whether the East Texas
missions and presidios were still necessary
Spain Acquires Louisiana (cont.)
How did the Treaty of Paris affect Texas
settlement?
The Spanish authorities considered their
missions and presidios in Texas unnecessary
because Spain acquired land west of the
Mississippi River, which eliminated the threat
of French settlement in the region.
(pages 138–139)
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Spain Closes East Texas Missions
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Spain sent Marques de Rubi to investigate the need for missions in New
Spain (p. 139)
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After touring 7,000 miles of New Spain, he realized Spain had neither the
wealth nor the power to defend its missions
Rubi suggested Spain abandon all its missions in Texas except those in
San Antonio and Goliad
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Spain could concentrate on forming alliances, or working agreements, with
the Comanches against the Apaches
His plan was adopted in 1772
In 1773, the new Spanish governor of Texas, the Baron de
Ripperda, closed the three remaining missions in East Texas
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He ordered the 500 settlers in the area to move to San Antonio
Spain Closes East Texas Missions
(cont.)
Why did Spain abandon all but two
missions in Texas?
They were too expensive to operate.
(page 139)
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Bucareli
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Gil Ybarbo – the leader of the East Texans who
founded Nacogdoches (p. 139)
He pleaded for permission for the families to return
to their former homes because the best land in San
Antonio had already been taken
 Governor de Ripperda refused, but allowed some of
them to settle along the Trinity River, near presentday Madisonville
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This town was named Bucareli
Nacogdoches Founded
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Over the next four years, Bucareli did well
Then crop failure, a smallpox epidemic, and conflict
with the Comanches forced the colonists to move (p.
139)
 In early 1779, Ybarbo moved the settlers back into
East Texas (without government approval) where
they founded Nacogdoches near the abandoned
Mission Guadalupe
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Nacogdoches Founded (cont.)
Why did Spain have little control over the
settlers of Nacogdoches?
Spain had abandoned its missions in the remote
area of East Texas.
(pages 139–140)
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Settlers Face Many Dangers
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Spain’s effort to colonize Texas in the late 1700s was
impeded by conflicts with the Native Americans (p. 140)
Spain lacked the available troops to keep the
settlers safe
In the 1790s, Spain stopped funding the Texas
missions and insisted the churches support
themselves
Settlers Face Many Dangers (cont.)
Why was Spain losing its hold on Texas?
It ended funding for missions; Spanish settlement
was hindered by Apache and Comanche raids.
(page 140)
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Spain Helps the American Colonists
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While the Spanish were dealing with the
problems in Texas, Americans east of the
Mississippi River were fighting for independence
from Great Britain
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Both France and Spain supported the colonists
Spain Helps the American Colonists
(cont.)
How did Spain keep Britain from acquiring
the Mississippi Valley?
It supported the American Revolution against
Britain, and the Colonists won.
(pages 140–141)
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The United States Buys Louisiana
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In 1800, Spain was forced to give Louisiana back
to France
In 1803, the United States purchased the
Louisiana Territory from France for about $15
million
What was the result of Louisiana Purchase for U.S.?
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The US doubled in size (p. 141)
The United States Buys Louisiana
(cont.)
What effect did the Louisiana Purchase
have on the settlement of Texas?
It encouraged Anglo settlers to migrate west of
the Mississippi River and into Spanish Texas.
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Disputes About Boundaries
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The United States insisted that the American territory extend at
least to the Sabine River (now the Texas/Louisiana border)
Spain claimed eastern boundary was a line from the Arroyo
Hondo to the Calcasieu River in Louisiana
Spain and the Unites States reached a compromise
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They agreed neither side would occupy the disputed area, and this
territory became the Neutral Ground
This area soon became a haven for smugglers and fugitives
In 1819, the United States and Spain signed the Adams-Onis
Treaty settling the dispute
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Spain transferred Florida to the United States and agreed to the Sabine River as the
eastern boundary of Texas (p. 142)
In return, the United States surrendered all claims to Texas
Disputes About Boundaries (cont.)
What did the United States receive for
agreeing that the Sabine River was the
eastern boundary of Texas?
The United States received Florida.
(pages 141–142)
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Americans Migrate to Texas
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Farmers, traders and filibusters came to Texas
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Filibusters = adventurers (p. 142)
Checking for Understanding
Using Key Terms Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms.
1. An _________
alliance is an agreement by two or more
nations, people, or groups to work together.
filibuster is an individual who carries out
2. A _________
rebellious activities in a foreign country.
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Checking for Understanding (cont.)
Reviewing Facts What change in
the period 1763–1819 had the
greatest impact on Texas?
Possible answer: The Adams–OnÍs Treaty.
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Reviewing Themes
Geography and History How did
the Neutral Ground become a haven
for smugglers and fugitives?
The Neutral Ground was not governed by
any nation.
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Critical Thinking
Making Predictions If France had
not sold the Louisiana Territory to the
Unites States in 1803, how might
Texas be different today?
Possible answer: Texans might be Frenchspeaking.
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TAKS Practice
Analyzing Outcomes The Treaty
of Paris of 1763 ended the Seven
Years’ War. How did the treaty benefit
Spain?
Spain received New Orleans and all French
land west of the Mississippi and rid North
America of the French threat.
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Section 2
Unrest Grows in Texas
As the call for freedom from Spain was proclaimed
in Mexico, many patriots also called for the freedom
of Texas
Pages 144-148
Hidalgo Calls for Independence
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Many Mexicans became unhappy with Spanish rule
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The best jobs in Mexico were reserved for men from Spain
Spain increased Mexican taxes to help pay for wars in Europe
On September 16, 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo y
Costilla issued a call for freedom from Spain
In his call, or grito, for independence, father Hidalgo challenged
the Mexican people to recover land stolen from them 300 years
earlier (p. 145)
For a time, Hidalgo’s forces did well in battle
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Their failure to capture Mexico City doomed their cause
Hidalgo was captured in 1811 and executed
Gutierrez-Magee Expedition (1 of 2)
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Hidalgo’s death did not stop the movement for
independence
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Rebels sent one of Father Hidalgo’s supporters, Bernardo Gutierrez de
Lara, to the United States for money and supplies (p. 145)
After Hidalgo was defeated, Gutierrez de Lara decided
to invade Texas to free it from Spanish rule
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He began recruiting soldiers
Lieutenant Agustus Magee resigned from the American army
and joined Gutierrez
They joined together to fight for liberation in hopes of
forming a republic in which voters choose people to
represent them
Their forces were called the Republican Army of the North
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The Republican Army of the North fought for Texas’ independence (p. 145)
Gutierrez-Magee Expedition (2 of 2)
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The Republican Army of the North captured
Nacogdoches and Goliad
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A larger Spanish force laid siege to Goliad for three months
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Magee died in February 1813
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Samuel Kemper replaced Magee as commander of the Republican army (p. 146)
The Spanish suffered heavy losses and retreated
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Kemper’s forces chased and defeated them in battle on
March 29
The Spanish then surrendered San Antonio
The leaders of the Republican Army issued a declaration of
independence for Texas
Disagreements and Defeats
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The Americans and Mexicans began arguing over the nature of
the new government for Texas
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In August 1813, the Republican army fought and lost its last
battle near the Medina river
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The Americans favored a government similar to the United States with
elected officials
The Mexicans preferred a government with appointed officials, much like
New Spain’s
Gutierrez De Lara also wanted Texas to remain a part of Mexico
As a result of General Joaquin de Arredondo’s victory, most of the Republican army
were killed on the battlefield (p. 146)
Arredondo executed settlers in San Antonio and East Texas
whom he suspected of helping Gutierrez de Lara
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Other settlers were forced to leave Texas
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As a result, the towns of Goliad and Nacogdoches were virtually deserted
Revolutionaries and Pirates
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Even though the movement to free Texas from Spanish rule had failed,
revolutionaries continued their activities in Louisiana and along the Gulf
Coast
Revolutionaries got the help of French pirate Louis Michel Aury
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They appointed him commissioner of Galveston
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For several months he captured Spanish vessels along the coast of Texas
In April 1817, he transported an expedition of rebel troops along the Mexican coast
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When he got back, he found Jean Laffite had taken over Galveston
 Aury sailed on to Florida and joined British adventurers
Laffite had aided the American Army against the British in the War of 1812,
and thus was pardoned for previous crimes and moved his based to
Galveston
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He claimed he was fighting for Mexican independence, but was more interested in
capturing Spanish vessels for their valuable cargos
When his pirates attacked American ships, the US Navy stopped them
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Laffite fled to the Caribbean
According to legend, Laffite buried a treasure of gold and silver on one of the islands
along the Gulf Coast, but it has never been found!
Spain Exiles French Colonists
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While Laffite occupied Galveston Island, a
group of French colonists tried to settle on the
Trinity River near present-day Liberty
The settlers built two small forts
The Spanish governor in Texas sent troops to
remove the colonists
 Fearing this threat, the colony was abandoned in July
1818
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James Long Invades Texas
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James Long was a Filibuster who tried to free Texas from Spain
He was angered by the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
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He objected to the US surrendering its claim to Texas
Long led a force of 300 rebels into Texas in the summer of 1819 and captured
Nacogdoches (p.148)
Long went to Galveston Island to ask Jean Lafitte for help
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Laffite refused because he felt the revolutionaries had no chance without a large,
disciplined army
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While Long was in Galveston, Spanish troops attacked and defeated Long’s troops in
East Texas
Long went to New Orleans, recruited more troops, and invaded Texas again,
this time by sea
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His troops moved along the coast and captured Goliad
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They were surrounded by Spanish troops and surrendered
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Long was taken to Mexico City, where he was killed by a guard
Section 3
Spanish Rule Ends in
Texas
After independence from Spain, Mexicans and
settlers in Texas maintained cultural ties to their
places of origin
Pages 150-153
Texas at the End of Spain’s Rule
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In September 1821, Mexico became independent from Spain
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Texas was part of this new country
In the 300 years Spain ruled Texas, there had been little growth
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Only three settlements—San Antonio, Goliad, and Nacogdoches—stood
in Texas’s interior
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San Antonio, the capital and largest town, had more than 2,000 people (p. 151)
Goliad and Nacogdoches were nearly deserted
A few settlements existed along Texas’s several borders
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Laredo was not considered to be a part of Texas
Settlers in Ysleta (near El Paso) were governed by Spanish authorities in New Mexico (p.
151)
Settlers in Pecan Point and Jonesborough considered themselves part of the
Arkansas Territory, which belonged to the US
Spanish Neglect (1 of 2)
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Spain had been unable to attract many Spanish
settlers to Texas for several reasons
No gold or silver
 From as early as the 1500s (1519), Mexico City had
developed into sophisticated city with universities,
artists, physicians, and all the comforts of civilized
societies
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To get ahead, men knew they had to be in Mexico City
instead of a remote province like Texas
Mexico and the Pacific slopes of California were
more fertile
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There was plenty of land and peaceful Native Americans
willing to work the fields and tend the livestock
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In Texas, most Native Americans remained unfriendly or showed
Spanish Neglect (2 of 2)
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Thus, Texas was not high on Spain’s list of
priorities
Antonio Martinez became governor in 1817
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He described poor conditions in San Antonio, including:
hungry troops
 an empty storehouse
 no money from the paymaster
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He claimed he needed additional troops to defend Spain’s
interests in Texas p. 152
Spanish Legacy
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Despite not populating Texas, Spain left its mark on Texas
Cities, rivers, and bays bear names derived from the Spanish language
The El Camino Real was a road that connected Nacogdoches, San Antonio, and Saltillo.
The Royal Highway (p. 153)
The Atascocita Road was used for military purposes by 1760
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This trail went through the area where the cities of Beaumont, Liberty, and
Houston are located. Today, Highway 90 follows a similar route.
Settlers brought horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs into Texas
Texans used the Spanish ranching system, with its practices, methods, and
equipment, such as lariats and chaps
Vaqueros made the first long cattle drives from South Texas to markets in
Louisiana
Tejanos adapted Spanish customs to frontier conditions p. 153
The story of the Spanish settlers did not end when Mexico gained its
independence
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Many remained in Texas while others from Mexico migrated later
Nearly six million Texans today have Spanish names
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Many more speak, read, and write Spanish
El Camino Real
Atascocito Road
Essay Questions
You must answer two
The third is for extra credit
Explain the influence Spanish
culture had on Texas (p. 153)
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Spaniards brought their language, architecture,
system of law and government, and religion to
Texas
Rivers, cities, and roads bear Spanish names.
Also, Spaniards mapped and explored vast lands
in Texas.
Explain the origin of the Adams-Onis Treaty, its terms, and
how it affected the Neutral Ground. (p. 142)
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The Adams-Onis Treaty settled a border dispute
between the US and Spain
The terms of the treaty transferred Florida to
the US and made the Sabine River the eastern
boundary of Texas
The US surrendered all claims to Texas
The Neutral Ground was now US territory
Why did the signing of the Treaty of Paris cause four East
Texas missions to close and the settlers to relocate?
(p. 138-139)
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The Treaty of Paris suddenly changed the
balance of power in the Americas
France was no longer a colonial power
Spain received New Orleans and all lands west
of the Mississippi