Transcript THE JEFFERSON ERA Section 2

Lesson 10.2: The Louisiana Purchase and
Exploration
Today’s Essential Question: What was
the importance of the purchase and
exploration of the Louisiana Territory?
Vocabulary
• surplus – more than what is needed or
used
• nomadic – moving from place to place,
without a permanent home
• expedition – a journey of exploration
• headwaters – where a river begins
Check for Understanding
• What is today’s essential question?
• What do some people do with their
surplus clothing?
• What are some people or animals that
might be described as nomadic?
• What is an expedition that you would
like to be part of?
• Which direction would you go to find
any river’s headwaters?
What We Already Know
Thomas Jefferson wanted America to
remain a nation of small towns and
independent farmers.
What We Already Know
Even before the war for
independence, Americans were
eager to move west into new lands.
What We Already Know
For years, Western
farmers had
depended on
access to the port
at New Orleans to
get their surplus
produce to eastern
markets.
As Americans moved west, they entered
three distinct geographic regions.
TransAppalachia
• Wooded; rolling
hills and flatlands
• Well-watered
• Humid summers,
cold winters
• Settlers by the
thousands moving
in, displacing the
Native Americans
The Great
Plains
•
•
•
•
•
Flat, rolling plains
Rocky Mountains
Great Basin (desert)
Treeless; few rivers
Hot, dry summers;
bitterly cold winters
• France and Spain
• Nomadic Plains
Indians (horse culture)
• Non-migratory Indians
in the Southwest
The Pacific Coast
• Mild weather; rainy in the
Northwest, dry in the Southwest
• Sierra Mountains, Cascades, Coast
Ranges, Central Valley
• Many natural harbors
• Spain, Russia, Britain, the United
States in competition
• Many Indian groups of various
cultures
The West in 1800
• In the 1800s, thousands of settlers moved
westward across the Appalachian Mountains.
• Kentucky and Tennessee had become states
by 1800.
The West in 1800
France and Spain were negotiating for ownership of
the Louisiana Territory – the vast region between the
Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.
The West in 1800
Along the Pacific coast, Spain, Russia, Great
Britain, and the United States were
establishing settlements.
The West in 1800
• As the number of westerners grew, so did
their political power.
• An important issue for many settlers was
the use of the Mississippi River and the port
of New Orleans.
• Westerners used the river and port to send
their goods to east coast markets.
Check for Understanding
A ask B: What city was most
important for many westerners
in the early 1800s?
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
6. Why was New Orleans important
to Americans?
A. It was surrounded by mountain
ranges that made it easy to
defend in times of war.
B. It was a port city for farmers and
merchants living in the Ohio
Valley.
C. It guarded the entrance to the
Mississippi River.
D. It was the banking and
manufacturing center of the
nation.
Napoleon and New Orleans
• After losing the French and Indian War in 1763,
France turned Louisiana over to Spain.
• In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the
Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to
France.
Napoleon and New Orleans
• Just before turning the colony over to France,
Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in
violation of the Pinckney treaty.
• Angry Westerners called for war against Spain
and France.
• To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of
New Orleans from France for $2 million.
• France offered to sell the entire Louisiana
Territory to the United States for $15 million.
Napoleon and New Orleans
• Napoleon had several
reasons for selling the
land.
• The first reason had to
do with a profitable
French colony in the
Caribbean called Santo
Domingo.
Napoleon and New Orleans
• All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing
sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere.
• Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory
for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.
Napoleon and New Orleans
In 1801, a slave named
Toussaint L’Ouverture led
a violent slave uprising
against the French
colonists.
Napoleon and New Orleans
• Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they
were unable to put down the revolt.
• Without a profitable slave colony to feed,
Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon.
Check for Understanding
B ask A: Who was Toussaint
L’Ouverture?
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Napoleon and New Orleans
• Napoleon also
was involved in
a costly war with
Britain.
• He decided he
needed money
more than he
needed
Louisiana.
Napoleon and New Orleans
• Napoleon also feared
he might lose New
Orleans to the
aggressive Americans.
• It would be better to
sell it than have it be
over-run by American
settlers.
Check for Understanding
A ask B: Why was
Napoleon willing to
sell Louisiana to the
United States?
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Jefferson and Louisiana
• New Orleans as an outlet for shipping the
products of Western farmers
• More land for farming, which was consistent with
his vision for America’s future
• Access to the Pacific and trade with Asia
The Louisiana Purchase
• Jefferson’s dilemma: strict construction of the
Constitution or the greatest land deal of all time.
• On April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase treaty was
approved by the Senate, giving the United States the port
of New Orleans and doubling the size of the country.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
7. Why did Jefferson question his
right to buy the Louisiana Territory?
A. Three other nations had legal claims
to the region.
B. The Constitution said nothing about
a president's right to buy land.
C. He had been elected but had not yet
taken the oath of office.
D. To do so would put the nation in
debt.
Lewis and Clark Explore
• After purchasing the Louisiana
Territory from France, Jefferson
planned an expedition to
explore it.
• He chose Captain Meriwether
Lewis to lead the expedition.
• Lewis chose his old friend
Lieutenant William Clark to put
together a volunteer force for
the trip.
• Clark was skilled as a
mapmaker and outdoorsman.
• The expedition called itself the
Corps of Discovery.
Lewis and Clark Explore
• Lewis and Clark spent
several weeks
gathering a group of
volunteers.
• They stayed in the
town of St. Louis
throughout the winter.
• In May 1804, the
explorers left St.
Louis and headed up
the Missouri River.
Lewis and Clark Explore
• Clark was accompanied by
York, his African-American
slave.
• York’s hunting skills won
him many admirers among
the Native Americans met
by the explorers.
• The first black man that
many Indians had ever
seen, York became
something of a celebrity
among them.
Up the Missouri River
• In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and
headed up the Missouri River.
• Jefferson had given their mission three goals:
• 1. use the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find
a water route across the country;
• 2. establish good relations with Native
Americans along the way;
• 3. and write scientific accounts of the
landscapes, plants, and animals they saw.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
8. What were the three goals of
the Corps of Discovery?
A. Find a water route to the Pacific Coast using
the Missouri and Columbia Rivers.
B. Establish friendly relations with the Indians.
C. Scout out locations for future American
military bases.
D. Gather geographic and scientific information.
E. Defeat and drive out any hostile Indians that
might threaten future settlers.
Be sure to choose three!
Up the Missouri River
• By winter, the explorers had
reached North Dakota, and
stayed with the Mandan
Indians.
• In the spring of 1805, the
expedition set out again
accompanied by Sacagawea,
a Shoshone Indian woman.
• Her language skills and
knowledge of geography
helped Lewis and Clark.
On to the Pacific Ocean
• As the explorers traveled toward the Rocky
Mountains, Sacagawea pointed out Shoshone
lands.
• When they finally made contact with the chief, he
recognized Sacagawea as his sister.
• With the help of the Shoshone, the Corps of
Discovery crossed the Rocky Mountains.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
9. How did Sacagawea help
Lewis and Clark?
A. She served as their guide, because she
knew a safe route to the Pacific Coast.
B. She had great knowledge of the local
geography and of several language skills.
C. She helped them escape execution at the
hands of a warlike Indian group known as
the Mandans.
D. She helped them find a way back to the
Missouri River on their journey home.
On to the Pacific Ocean
• After leaving the Shoshone, the Corps of
Discovery then journeyed to the Columbia River,
which led them to the Pacific Ocean in 1805.
• They spent a long, rain-soaked winter there
before starting back to St. Louis the next spring.
On to the Pacific Ocean
• In 1806, the explorers
returned to the East.
• They brought back
valuable scientific and
geographic information.
Check for Understanding
B ask A: What
information did the
Lewis and Clark
expedition bring back?
The Lewis and Clark
expedition brought back a
wealth of scientific and
geographic information.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Pike’s Expedition
• In 1806, Zebulon Pike left St. Louis to explore
southern areas of Louisiana.
• Pike’s mission was to find the headwaters of the
Arkansas and Red Rivers near Spanish territory.
• Pike’s party followed the Arkansas River toward
the Rocky Mountains, then turned south.
Pike’s Expedition
• Hoping to run into the Red River, they instead ran
into the Rio Grande, in Spanish territory.
• They were arrested by
Spanish troops and held
prisoner until 1807.
• They returned with important
descriptions of the Great
Plains and the valley of the
Rio Grande.
Check for Understanding
A ask B: Who was
Zebulon Pike?
Zebulon Pike was an Army
officer who led an expedition
into the southern part of the
Louisiana Territory.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Check for Understanding
B ask A: What information did
Pike’s expedition bring back?
Pike’s expedition brought back important
descriptions of the Great Plains and the
valley of the Rio Grande.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!