Transcript Expanding Horizons - Cherry Creek Academy

Rise to World Power
1865-1917
Expanding Horizons
The prologue to US expansion
Essential Question:
 Why did the United State’s extend its
influence to other regions in the late 1800’s?
American Foreign Policy
 George Washington’s Farewell Address
 “Steer clear of permanent alliances with any
portion of the foreign world.”
 Isolationism= non-involvement in world
affairs
 America continued to move west and
south.
 “Closed Frontier”
 Began looking beyond their borders to other
frontiers overseas
An Age of Imperialism
 Late 1800’s early 1900’s
 Imperialism= Creating large empires by
gaining economic and political control of
weaker nations
 Driven by need for materials and new
markets
 European examples: Africa, India, Australia
 “Wanted to “lift” uncivilized people by
sharing Christian and Western values.
The Purchase of Alaska
 In 1867 Alaska was bought from Russia for
$7.2 million
 Initially this purchase was ridiculed
 Once gold was discovered Americans were
less critical of the purchase
 In 1912 Alaska became a territory of the
United States
A Sense of Mission
 Some American’s believed they could “lift
up” the world’s “uncivilized” by sharing
Christianity and Western values
 Encouraged imperialism in Africa, Asia, and
Latin America
American Interest in
Latin America
 William H. Seward

Abraham Lincoln's Secretary of State wanted an
American empire that would stretch into the
Caribbean, Central America, and the Pacific.

He expected the empire to be connected by a
canal that would connect Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans

Foreshadowing?
 Growing with trade in Latin America post Civil
War with help from the Monroe Doctrine.

Monroe Doctrine=
Building Sea Power
 What needed to happen if
the United States wanted to
expand its influence into
the Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans?
 Captain Alfred Thayer
Mahan; “Sea power is
essential to the greatness of
every splendid people”
 A new United States Navy
with steam power and steal
ships
Imperialism in the
Pacific
Essential Question
 Why did the United States expand its role in
the Pacific?
Hawaii
 Pacific Ocean
 Eight larger islands
 Almost 100 small islands
 About 2000 miles west of
California
 Only state that has a state
song in a foreign language
 “ Hawaii Ponoi”
Hawaii in the 1800’s
 Hawaiian natives lived in
 Honolulu and Lahaina grew
 The people of Hawaii
 Americans brought diseases
small independent
communities.
depended on lush
environment.
in importance because
they had good ports.
with them to the islands.
 This devastated the local
population
 Americans often stopped
over for supplies while
passing through to China.
 1820 Christian
Hawaii Grows in
Importance
missionaries arrive in
Hawaii.
 Whalers and
Merchants also
moved to the
islands
 Sugarcane is
introduced in 1830
Sugar Growers
 Missionaries and traders began buying land to
grow and sell sugar
 Pidgin
 The United States agreed to not impose tariffs on
Hawaiian sugar.
 Sugar industry in Hawaii grows quickly and and
Americans take control of most of the land
 Hawaiian independence is recognized but
American influence stays strong
Sugar Plantation
Trouble Begins for Hawaii
 In order to protect domestic industry the
United States imposes a tax on all foreign
goods.
 Trouble!
 Sugar exports dropped!
 But wait there is a naval base in Honolulu
 Naval base= territory?
More Trouble
 Hawaiians had begun to resist American
influence
 New Queen Liliukalani in 1891
 Queen Liliukalani wanted Hawaii to regain
economic independence and took away
the powers of American planters
 White planters overthrew the new Queen
and set up their own provisional
government, or temporary government.
Annexation of Hawaii
 Annex= addition to
 Following the Planter’s Revolt a treaty was sent
to Washington D.C. to annex, or add, Hawaii to
the United States.
 President Harrison ( #23) signed the treaty and
sent it to the Senate to be ratified.
 Grover Cleveland ( #24) removed the treaty
from the Senate.
 William McKinley (#25) approved of annexation
and Hawaii became a territory in 1900.
China and the Open
Door
 Pacific island territories were stepping stones to
a larger prize- China
 Rivalries in China

Japan and European powers enjoyed special
privileges in various parts of the county
 An open door to China

U.S. government and business leaders worried
about being left out of profitable Chinese Trade

An “Open Door Policy” was adopted to allow
nations in China to trade freely with one another
 The Boxer Rebellion
 In 1899 a secret Chinese society, the Boxers
revolted against the “foreign devils” in China
 Boxers were eventually defeated by
European powers
Japan
 Eager to expand its power in Asia, Japan began to
ignore the Open Door Policy
 This led to war Between Russia and Japan over the
Manchurian region
 The War quickly depleted both countries resources
 Treaty of Portsmouth
 President T. Roosevelt met with Russian and Japanese
leaders in Portsmouth N.H. to broker peace
 Japan took control of Korea and agreed to halt
expansion
 Japan became the strongest naval power in the
Pacific and challenged the United States in the region
 Strained relations
 Many people in Japan immigrated to the U.S. during
the Russo-Japanese War and settled in California
 The San Francisco School Board ordered all students of
Asian decent to attend separate schools

The Japanese government protested
 President T. Roosevelt agreed to stop the segregation
if Japan restricted emigration policies
 Japan resented the agreement and relations were
strained
The Cuban war for
independence
Resenting Spanish
control
•
The Cubans had lived under Spanish rule for
centuries
•
Cubans resented Spanish Control of Cuba.
•
Spain looked to its own interests and paid no
attention to Cuba’s needs or interests.
•
Example: Spain controlled all trade economy
in Cub.
•
Spanish troops occupied the island.
•
Spanish judges ruled the courts and were harsh to
any protesters, sending them to firing squads for
execution.
Revolt in 1868
•
Lead by Carlos Manuel de Cespedes a sugar
planter.
•
Lasted for ten years, almost to the day and
became known as the Ten Years War.
•
Spain “won” the war by force and promised
reforms.
•
Arrests and executions increased causing a
deeper resentment of Spain by the Cubans.
Cuba Libre!
•
In April 1895, Leaders of The Years War Along
with Jose Marti returned to Cuba to lead
another revolution.
•
“Cuba Libre!” became the war cry of the
revolutionaries.
Cuban Revolution
•
The Cuban revolutionaries we heavily
outnumbered and outgunned.
•
Maximo Gomez, the commander in chief,
began leading his men in guerrilla warfare
tactics. They would surprise the enemy and
quickly retreat.
•
Gomez also began a scorched earthy policy,
burning all valuable land and crops.
•
He hoped that by destroying valuable land and
crops in Cuba Spain would deem the land too
costly to maintain and give up the war.
Jose Marti (1853-1895)
•
Jose Marti was born in Havana, Cuba to poor
Spanish immigrants.
•
He soon became an avid supporter of Cuba
independence.
•
He started a news paper to spread their ideas
and was arrested by the Spanish.
•
The revolution became his life.
•
Marti died in a small skirmish with Spanish Troops.
The insurgents circulated a false story that Marti
had been executed ashore under a flag of Truce
by the Spanish and executed.
The Cuban Revolution
Ends
 Huge losses in human life and property
 Spanish troops herded Cuban people into
camps to separate them from the rebels
and destroy their morale
 Thousands of Cubans died of disease and
starvation throughout the conflict.
Spanish American
War
1898
Essential Question
 How did the Spanish-American War help the
United States become a world power?
“A Splendid Little War”
 War Fever/Causes
 American sympathy

Americans were horrified by the violence against Cuban
 Monroe Doctrine

Opportunity to get Spain (Europe out of Western
Hemisphere)
 Economic Interests

Sugar plantations
 Yellow Journalism

Sensational biased and often false reporting

American press reported the Cuban war for
independence in graphic detail
 “Remember the Maine”
 The pressure to respond to the issues in Cuba
seemed to grow by the hour
 Rioting broke out in Havana
 President McKinley responded by sending
the USS Maine to protect American citizens
and proptery