Transcript Cold War

The Early
Cold War:
1947-1970
1948 Israel
After W.W. II Israel is
created as a homeland
for the Jewish People..
Cold War: War of words…without actual
fighting- between the U.S. & the U.S.S.R.
Differences led to Conflict…
How and why did the Cold War begin?
The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. emerged from W.W. II
as SUPER POWERS!
TheThe
Soviet
was
UnitedUnion
States was
democratic
and capitalist.
Totalitarian
and Communist.
DEMOCRACY
The Causes of The Cold War Were
- Different Political Ideologies
- The Soviet domination of East Europe
- U.S. policy of containment
- NATO vs. Warsaw Pact military rivalry
COMMUNISM
Map of Former U.S.S.R.
More Differences
The U.S. economy experienced a period
of growth and prosperity after World
War II. The Great Depression was over.
Meanwhile the Soviet economy
struggled as they tried to rebuild their
war-torn country.
Former Allies Become Enemies!
Winston Churchill declared that an "iron curtain" had descended
on Europe, dividing it into two halves!
Gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid
prevent Communist takeovers in Europe
Much of Europe was in ruins
following World War II…
The United States felt it was in its best interest to rebuild
Europe and prevent political and economic instability.
The Post-War
Struggle for Power
Continues!
Germany was partitioned into East
and West Germany.
West Germany became democratic and resumed
self-government after a few years of American,
British, and French occupation. East Germany
remained under the domination of the Soviet Union
and did not adopt democratic institutions.
Berlin Blockade & Airlift:
In 1948, the Soviet Union
blocked all road and rail
access to West Berlin.
The Berlin Airlift marked a
rise in tensions between
the West and the Soviets;
however, it avoided armed
conflict.
The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)
In this Oct. 7, 1961 file photo, a West Berlin
guard stands in front of the concrete wall
dividing East and West Berlin at
Bernauer Strasse. (AP Photo, File)
Checkpoint Charlie
In 1961 the East German government closed the
border between East and West Berlin and built
The Berlin Wall.
East Germany behind the Berlin Wall
Berlin's historic Brandenburg Gate in late November was put behind part of the
wall erected by the East German regime to separate East Berlin, left, and West
Berlin shown Dec. 2, 1961. (AP Photo)
T h e w a l l b e c a m e a s y m b o l o f t h e COLD WAR t h a t
e x i s t e d b e t w e e n c o m m u n i s m a n d d e m o c r a c y.
Cold War in China
• Communist leader Mao Zedong defeated
the forces of General Chiang Kai-shek.
• The Cold War intensified Americans' fears
of communism.
• Containment fails in China
Kim Il-Sung
The Korean War:
A “Police Action” (1950-1953)
The Soviets test the Atomic
Bomb. Bad news for the U.S.!
Syngman Rhee
KOREA
• The truce line was
set at the 38th
parallel.
• The line, although
invisible, was every
bit as divisively
symbolic as the
Berlin Wall.
Early Cold War
1. _____ & _____ were Super Powers after W.W. II
2. _____ was the peace keeping ageny created after W.W. II.
3. What leader blocked entrance into Berlin in 1948?
4. Military Alliance formed by the U.S and its’ allies…
5. What document said we must contain Communism?
6. America’s plan to rebuild Europe was called the ___
7. West Germany was backed by ________.
8. In 1961 the Communist built ___ to separate Berlin.
9. Mao ZeDong was the communist leader of _____.
10. What 2 areas were divided at the 38th parallel?
Domino Theory
if one country
falls to
Communism
others in Asia
may soon follow.
HUAC
The House Un-American Activities Committee
• A committee of the U.S. House of Representatives,
investigated allegations of communist activity in the
U.S. during the early years of the Cold War.
Spy Cases Stun the Nations
Alger Hiss - former State Department
member accused of spying for the USSR.
The Rosenberg's - were executed as spies in 1953
Hiss
The Rosenberg's
Joseph McCarthy
Led the Communist “Witch Hunt” during the Cold War
McCarthyism
Wisconsin Senator
who claimed
Communists were
taking over the
Government.
"I intend doing this job until we win
the war on Communism or until I die."
--Sen. Joe McCarthy, 1954
Cold War Presidents
Truman
33rd
Eisenhower
Kennedy
Johnson
34th
35th
36th
Massive Retaliation
• Eisenhower Doctrine
• Under Eisenhower the U.S. adopted a
policy of Massive Retaliation to deter
any nuclear strike by the Soviets.
Massive Retaliation
was an all-or-nothing
strategy.
After Joseph Stalin's death, Nikita Khrushchev
became leader of the Soviet Union
Communism in Cuba
• Fidel Castro takes control
of Cuba in 1959.
• U.S. tries to overthrow Castro
• The failed “Bay of Pigs” invasion was an
embarrassment for President Kennedy.
Khruschev embraces Castro, 1961
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
• The Soviet Union stationed missiles in Cuba.
• Kennedy ordered the Soviets to remove their missiles…
and the world stood on the brink of nuclear war.
• After several tense days…The Soviets backed down!
• In 1963, JFK becomes the 1st U.S. president to have a direct
phone line to the Kremlin in Moscow. The "HOTLINE" was
designed to facilitate communication between the President
and Soviet leader.
Kennedy is Assassinated
On November 22, 1963 (Dallas, TX)
• Lee Harvey Oswald was
charged with the crime.
TROUBLE IN VIETNAM
• North Vietnam
• Ho Chi Minh
• Communist
• South Vietnam
• Ngo Dinh Diem
• Backed by the U.S.
• Under President Johnson the United
States increased military advisers and aid
to the South Vietnamese.
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- allowed the
president to "take all necessary measures
to repel any armed attack against the
United States."
Many South Vietnamese distrusted Diem and joined the
Vietcong, a communist guerilla group supported by North
Vietnam.
An execution of a Vietcong prisoner Feb. 1, 1968
Bitter Protests Divided the U.S. during the Vietnam War!
Americans supported the
war effort during W.W. II..
However
The Vietnam War
Bitterly Divided America.
Fighting a ground war was very difficult. Dense jungles, muddy
trails, and swampy rice paddies hampered troop movements.
Most U.S. soldiers were
18 and 19 years old.
• The strain of Vietnam means Johnson
does not seek reelection.
Nixon becomes the 37th President
• Nixon's strategy VIETNAMIZATION
Over the next few years American
troops were pulled out of Vietnam.
• When the U.S. left Communists
seized control of Vietnam.
• Containment Fails!!!
"Peace
With
Honor"
37th
Impact of Vietnam
Vietnam veterans returned home, often to face indifference or
outright hostility from those who opposed the war.
It was not until several years after the end of the Vietnam War
that the wounds of the war began to heal in America, and
Vietnam veterans were
recognized and honored
for their service and
sacrifices.
It tested democracy to
its limits. It left a scar
on U.S. society.
Nixon – 1st U.S. President To Visit China
U . S . A . President Richard M. Nixon meets with
Chairman Mao Zedong in Beijing, February 21, 1972.
The End of the Cold War
• Soviet Leader:
Mikhail Gorbachev
• Gorbachev tries to
bring “GLASNOST”Openness
and
• “PERESTROIKA”economic
restructuring to the
U.S.S.R.
Ronald Reagan and the Cold War
• Urged, “Mr. Gorbachev,
tear down this wall!”
• Challenged moral
legitimacy of the Soviet
Union
• Increased United States
military and economic
pressure on the Soviet
Union
Berlin Wall Comes Down
• Its fall signifies the end of the Cold War
• November 1989
US Post Cold War Goals:
• Foreign aid
• Humanitarian aid
• Support for human rights
President George H. W. Bush,
1989–1993
•Fall of communism in Eastern Europe
•Reunification of Germany
•Collapse of Yugoslavia
•Breakup of the Soviet state
•Persian Gulf War of 1990–1991
•First war in which American women served
in a combat role
•Operation Desert Storm
President William J. Clinton,
1993–2001
• North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
• Full diplomatic relations with Vietnam
• Lifting of economic sanctions against
South Africa when her government ended
the policy of apartheid
• NATO action in former Yugoslavia
President George W. Bush,
2001–2009
•Terrorists attacks on United States soil
on 9/11/2001
•War in Afghanistan
• War in Iraq
People of the 1980’s and early 1990’s.
The Cold War Turns Hot!
1. What British leader first spoke of the “Iron Curtain?”
2. The U.S. policy to limit communism was called ____________.
3. The term used to describe Communist “witch hunts” in which
people were unfairly accused of being Communists.
4. _______ won the Civil War in China over Chiang Kai-shek.
5. Dwight Eisenhower’s plan for dealing with the USSR was called :
6. The Cuban Missile Crisis actually involved what 2 countries?
7. The Soviets shooting down an U.S. SPY Plane was called the:
8. _____ assumed control of the Soviet Union after Stalin’s death.
9. In Vietnam _____ failed and the country fell to the Communists.
10.____ & ____ served as U.S. Presidents during the Vietnam War.
11. Leader of the Soviet Union who introduced liberal reforms.