Transcript DAY 2 Structure of DoD Mark Munson

Organization and Management of
the Department of Defense
Office of the
Director, Administration and Management,
Office of the Secretary of Defense
September 12, 2005
Statutory and
Legal Framework
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The Constitution
and National Defense
Article I – Congress
• Authorizes and appropriates
• Makes rules for governance; e.g.:
– National Security Act of 1947, as amended
– Goldwater—Nichols Act of 1986
• Declares war
• Advice & consent:
– Principal appointees
– Military officer promotions
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The Constitution
and National Defense
Article II – President
• Shall be the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of
the United States
• Exercises authority over the military by:
– Selecting Presidential appointees & senior officers and
approving military promotions
– Managing the federal budget process
– Formulating/implementing national security policy
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Authorities of the
Secretary of Defense
Cabinet Member as Head
of an Executive Department
“The Department of Defense is an executive department
of the United States.
…There is a Secretary of Defense,
who is the head of the Department of Defense,...”
Title 10, United States Code
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Authorities of the
Secretary of Defense
Principal Advisor to the President
on Defense Matters
“The Secretary of Defense is the principal assistant
to the President in all matters relating
to the Department of Defense.”
Title 10, United States Code
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Authorities of the
Secretary of Defense
Leader and CEO of the Department
“... has authority, direction, and control over
the Department of Defense.”
Title 10, United States Code
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Authorities of the
Secretary of Defense
Deputy to the Commander-In-Chief
“...the chain of command to a combatant command runs (1)
from the President to the Secretary
of Defense and (2) from the Secretary of Defense to the
commander of the combatant command.”
Title 10, United States Code
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Authorities of the Secretary of
Defense—Balancing Title 10
• Title 10 also provides authorities and responsibilities to
other senior officials, who are under the authority, direction,
and control of the Secretary of Defense:
– Secretaries of the Military Departments
– Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
– Joint Chiefs of Staff
– Combatant Commanders
• Secretary of Defense must strive to maintain a balance
• Challenges and friction sometimes result
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Evolutionary Trends
and Patterns
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Trends Over Time
• Increasing authority of the Secretary of Defense
• Increasing statutory requirements levied on the Department
• Increasing operational responsibility of Combatant
Commanders
• Emergence of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as
Principal Military Advisor to the President and Secretary of
Defense
• Continuing consolidation of common functions into Defense
Agencies, DoD Field Activities, and other organizations with
DoD-wide responsibilities
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Snapshot of Key Org & Mgt
Changes: 1947 - 1958
• 1947: National Security Act: NSC & Air Force est’d. MilDeps
as “individual executive depts”; MilDep Secretaries on NSC
• 1949: Nat’l Sec Act amended: MilDeps lost status as
executive departments
• 1953: DoD Reorg Plan No. 6: SecDef authority increased
• 1958: SecDef authority increased, incl ops direction of
armed forces. Chain of command from President and SecDef
clearly established. MilDeps removed from ops chain
• Defense Agencies (2):
– 1952: NSA
– 1958: DARPA (ARPA)
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Snapshot of Key Org & Mgt
Changes (1959 - 1969)
• 1961: PPBS initiated w/5-year forecasts. SecDef decisions
increased consolidation
• 1969: Defense Program Review Cmte est’d; planningbudgeting and R&D-procurement more closely linked
• Defense Agencies (6):
– 1959: DASA (DNA in 1971, then DTRA in 1998)
– 1960: DISA (DCA)
– 1961: DIA and DLA (DSA)
– 1964: NRO
– 1965: DCAA
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Snapshot of Key Org & Mgt
Changes (1970 - 1980)
• 1972-77: Second Deputy Secretary of Defense for Intel
• 1977/78: Seven major changes to OSD Staff, incl
establishment of USD(P) and ASD (TC2) followed by
ASD(C3I) specified in statute in ‘83
• Defense Agencies and DoD Field Activities (11):
– 1971 and 1972: DSCA (DSAA), DSS (DIS), DCPA (now at
FEMA), and DMA (now NGA)
– 1974-1976: TRIMIS (now TMA) and DAS (now at OIG)
– 1977-1979: WHS, DAVA, DoDDS, and OEA
– 1980: AFIS
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Snapshot of Key Org & Mgt
Changes (1981-1990)
• 1986: 11+ major changes by Goldwater-Nichols Reorg Act,
including enhanced role of CJCS, establishment of VCJCS,
and codified supervision of Defense Agencies & DoD Field
Activities under OSD PSAs
• Defense Agencies and other DoD organizations (7):
– 1981: DLSA
– 1983: DoD IG
– 1984-85: MDA (SDIO first, then BMDO) and DTSA
– 1988: OSIA (now DTRA)
– 1990: DeCA and DFAS
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Snapshot of Key Org & Mgt
Changes (1991-2000)
• 1993: 13+ major changes, incl 6 new ASDs and Commission
on Roles and Missions established
• 1994: 7 major changes, including designating Comptroller
as an Under Secretary of Defense
• 1996: 3 major changes, including ATSD(PA) to ASD(PA)
• Defense Agencies and DoD Field Activities (7):
– 1992 and 1993: DoDEA and DPMO
– 1996: NIMA (now NGA) and DoD HRA
– 1998: DTRA and TMA
– 2000: DCMA
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DoD
Organizations,
Structure, and
Management Processes
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Organization
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
PSAs, Advisors & Support Staff
CJCS
JCS
OSD
IG,
DoD
Supporters & Suppliers
Defense Agencies &
DoD Field Activities
Department
of the
Army
Department
of the
Navy
Navy
Department
of the
Air Force
USMC
Operators: Combatant Commands
Functional
Strategic
Command
Transportation
Command
Special
Operations
Command
Regional
Joint
Forces
Command
Northern
Command
European
Command
Central
Command
Southern
Command
Pacific
Command
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Office of the
Secretary of Defense (OSD)
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
USD
(Intelligence)
USD
(Policy)
ASD
(Networks
& Information
Integration)/CIO
General
Counsel
Director,
Program
Analysis &
Evaluation
USD
(Personnel &
Readiness)
/CHCO
USD
(Comptroller)
/CFO
Director,
Force
Transformation
Inspector
General
ATSD
(Intelligence
Oversight)
ASD
(Legislative
Affairs)
Director,
Net
Assessment
ASD
(Public Affairs)
USD
(Acquisition,
Technology &
Logistics)
Director,
Operational
Test &
Evaluation
Director,
Administration
and
Management
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Joint Chiefs of Staff
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Chairman,
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Vice-Chairman,
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Chief of Staff, Army
Chief of Naval Operations
Chief of Staff, Air Force
Commandant, Marine Corps
Director,
Joint Staff
J-1
Manpower and
Personnel
J-2
Intelligence
(DIA)
J-3
Operations
J-4
Logistics
J-5
Strategic
Plans & Policy
J-6
Command, Control
Communications &
Computer Systems
J-7
Operational Plans
& Joint Force
Development
J-8
Force Structure,
Resources &
Assessment
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Military Departments
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Secretary of the Army
Under Secretary of the Army
Secretary of the Air Force
Under Secretary of the Air Force
Secretary of the Navy
Under Secretary of the Navy
Assistant
Secretary
Acquisition,
Logistics
& Technology
Assistant
Secretary
Financial
Management
& Comptroller
Assistant
Secretary
Acquisition
Assistant
Secretary
Manpower &
Reserve Affairs
Assistant
Secretary
Manpower &
Reserve Affairs
Assistant
Secretary
Research,
Development
& Acquisition
Assistant
Secretary
Civil Works
Assistant
Secretary
Installations
&
Environment
Assistant
Secretary
Installations,
Environment
& Logistics
Assistant
Secretary
Financial
Management
& Comptroller
Assistant
Secretary
Installations &
Environment
Assistant
Secretary
Financial
Management
& Comptroller
Chief of
Naval
Operations
Commandant
of the
Marine Corps
Operating
Commands
& Agencies
Operating
Commands
& Agencies
Assistant
Secretary
Manpower &
Reserve Affairs
Army
Chief of Staff
Operating
Commands & Agencies
Air Force
Chief of Staff
Operating
Commands & Agencies
Each MilDep also has General Counsel;
PAS - Level IV
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Combatant Commands
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Central
Command
Southern
Command
European
Command
Special
Operations
Command
Pacific
Command
Strategic
Command
Joint Forces
Command
Northern
Command
Transportation
Command
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Defense Agencies
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
USD (Acquisition,
Technology &
Logistics)
USD (Policy)
USD
(Comptroller)
USD
(Personnel &
Readiness)
ASD (Networks
& Information
Integration)
ASD
(International
Security
Affairs)
Defense
Contract
Audit
Agency
PDUSD(P&R)
*Defense
Information
Systems
Agency
Director
Defense
Research &
Engineering
DUSD
(Logistics &
Materiel
Readiness)
*Defense
Intelligence
Agency
Defense
Security
Cooperation
Agency
Defense
Finance &
Accounting
Service
Defense
Commissary
Agency
Director,
Administration
and
Management
Defense
Advanced
Research
Projects Agency
*Defense
Logistics
Agency
Defense
Security
Service
General
Counsel
Pentagon
Force
Protection
Agency
ATSD
(Nuclear & Chemical
& Biological Defense
Programs)
DUSD
(Acquisition &
Technology)
*National
GeospatialIntelligence
Agency
*Defense
Threat
Reduction
Agency
*Defense
Contract
Management
Agency
Defense
Legal
Services
Agency
* Combat Support Agency
Missile
Defense
Agency
USD
(Intelligence)
*National
Security
Agency
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DoD Field Activities
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
USD
(Acquisition,
Technology
& Logistics)
ASD
(Public
Affairs)
DUSD
(Installations
&
Environment)
American
Forces
Information
Service
Office of
Economic
Adjustment
Director,
Defense
Research &
Engineering
DoD Test
Resource
Mgmt Center
Defense
Technical
Information
Center
USD
(Personnel
and
Readiness)
PDUSD
Personnel &
Readiness)
ASD
(Health
Affairs)
Department
of Defense
Education
Activity
TRICARE
Management
Activity
Director
Administration
and
Management
Washington
Headquarters
Services
USD
(Intelligence)
Department
of Defense
Counterintelligence
Field Activity
USD
(Policy)
ASD
(International
Security
Affairs)
ASD
(International
Security
Policy)
Defense
POW/MP
Office
Defense
Technology
Security
Administration
DoD Human
Resources
Activity
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Management Methods, Processes,
and Systems
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Reorganization (Transfer, Reassign, Abolish, Consolidate)
Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE)
Strategic, Joint, and Transformation Planning Guidance
Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR)
Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC)
Personnel Mgmt (Nominate, Appoint, Promote, Reassign)
DoD Councils & Boards (e.g., SLRG, SPC, DRB, DAB, DSB,
DPB, DBB, DBSMC, RFPB, JROC)
Defense Acquisition System
DoD Directives System
Legislative Program
Media Appearances/Releases & Internal Communication
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Defense Reviews
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
STRATEGY
Bottom Up Review
1995
- Review Defense strategy and force structure
- Focus on modernization
- Review infrastructure and foundations
Quadrennial Defense Review
1997
2001
- Focus on Transformation & Homeland Defense
- Use capabilities-based Defense planning
BROAD MANAGEMENT
Defense Management Review
1990-1992
- Reduce overhead costs; streamline acq org
- Strengthen industrial base; improve ethical standards
Defense Reform Initiative
1997
- “Revolution in Business Affairs”
- Use best business practices
- Consolidate/remove redundancies
- Move program management out of OSD
Joint Defense Capabilities Study
- Provide interoperable, Joint, and efficient
capabilities solutions
- Enhance planning process & resourcing through
Joint Program Guidance
1997
- Undertake broad transformation
- Review structures, ops, concepts, equipment,
and key business practices
- Undertake broad transformation
- Review structures, ops, concepts, equipment,
and key business practices
Quadrennial Defense Review
National Defense Panel
US Commission on National
Security in the 21st Century
1999-2001
- Streamline headquarter staffs
- Reduce infrastructure—outsource and privatize
- Reform PPB to align with strategic environment
- Establish two-track acquisition process—major
acquisitions and fast-track breakthrough systems
Commission on Roles and Missions
of the Armed Forces
- Build Joint institutions and processes
- Strengthen Joint operations
- Reduce infrastructure & support costs
- Improve OSD/Mil Dept Hq and Mgt processes
Beyond Goldwater Nichols Phase 1
2003
1995
2004
- Rationalize and realign DoD Hq staffs
- Strengthen civilian career force in Defense/Nat’l Sec
- Improve interagency and coalition operations
- Create more efficient DoD planning/resource allocation
Beyond Goldwater Nichols Phase 2
2005
-Strengthen interagency integration and planning
-Define Joint capability needs; acquisition reform
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Management Style
and
Current Focus
of the Secretary
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Rumsfeld II -- Management Style
• Favors corporate models, e.g. “Boards of Directors”:
• Initially used the Senior Executive Council
• Replaced by Senior Leader Review Group (SLRG)
• Now also using Strategic Planning Council (SPC)
• Tends to “multiple task” and then compares
recommendations; also “manages by out-box”
• Favors pro-active public affairs & media engagement
• Emphasizes flat management & direct op leadership
• Prefers fewer direct reports
• Continues to believe processes are too slow
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Rumsfeld II: Changes to OSD
OSD Changes, Reorganizations, or Realignments:
• Net Assessment, Force Transformation, and
PDUSD (Personnel & Readiness) (2001)
• Program Analysis and Evaluation (2002)
• ASD (Homeland Defense) (2003)
• USD(Intel) and ASD(NII)/DoD CIO (2003)
• Appointing Authority for Mil Commissions (2004)
• DASD for Detainee Affairs (2004)
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Rumsfeld II: Changes to Components
DoD Component Changes, Reorganizations, or Realignments:
• 2001 (1): Defense Technology Security Administration
• 2002 (6):
• Missile Defense Agency
• DoD Counterintelligence Field Activity
• Pentagon Force Protection Agency
• U.S. Northern Command
• U.S. Strategic Command-U.S. Space Command merger
• DoD Test Resources Management Center
• 2004 (1): Defense Technical Information Center
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Key Developments/Initiatives
(Organization & Management)
• Global War on Terrorism (Force Protection and COOP)
• BRAC 2005 (Commission Report submitted to
President on September 8, 2005)
• Revised Directives policy by DepSecDef (Jul 2005)
• Intelligence structure/authorities—National & Defense
• Studies and recommendations in play:
– DSB Summer Studies (WMD and Transformation)
– Beyond Goldwater-Nichols I and II by CSIS
(http://www.csis.org/isp/bgn/reports.htm)
• Business Modernization Transition Plan (Sep 2005)
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Other Important Issues on the
Horizon with Org & Mgt Impact
• Quadrennial Defense Review
• Redefining Interagency Framework & Relationships
• Pentagon Renovation/Pentagon Reservation
– Pentagon Occupancy Study
– SecDef/DepSecDef office move in Nov 2005
• Financial Management & Business Transformation
– Business Transformation Agency
• Integrated Acquisition Assessment (Nov 2005)
• Implementing National Security Personnel System
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Recommended Reading or
Reference Documents
• The Department of Defense, 1947-1997: Organization
and Leaders, Historical Office, OSD
• Department of Defense Key Officials, 1947-2004,
Historical Office, OSD
• Assignment Pentagon: The Insiders Guide to the
Potomac Puzzle Palace by MajGen P.M. Smith,
USAF(Ret)
• Unclassified DoD Issuances can be found at
www.dtic.mil/whs/directives
• 2005 SecDef Annual Report to the President and
Congress in next two weeks
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