Transcript Ch. 5-3
Ch. 5-3 The United States and East Asia Why It Matters • Keeping the Philippines reflected the U.S. desire to expand its influence • More power and wealth to the U.S. • Increased international tension Filipinos Rebel Against U.S. Rule • Filipinos fought side by side with the U.S. against the Spanish • Emilio Aguinaldo helped organize an insurrection against the U.S. Guerrilla War Erupts in the Philippines • Filipinos used Guerrilla Warfare • Put Filipinos in concentration camps • General Jacob Smith told soldiers to kill and burn everything/everyone • Aguinaldo was captured • 5,000 U.S. and 200,000 Filipinos dead • Cost $400 million to end the fighting Reforms Lead to Promise of Self-Rule • 1901 William Howard Taft becomes governor of the Philippines • Taft censored the press and put dissidents in jail • Allowed limited self-rule • Built schools, roads, and bridges • 1916 Congress passed the Jones Act – After WWII the Philippines were independent The United States Pursues Interests in China • 1899 China was in bad shape • China was carved into spheres of influence by Britain, France, Germany and Russia for trade • Japan had extended to Korea and China • U.S. was left out America Declares Equal Trade in China • U.S. Secretary of State John Hay in 1899 sent notes to foreign diplomats • Informed each nation the U.S. expected fair trade in China • Had little impact on the foreign nations The U.S. Intervenes in the Boxer Rebellion • Chinese citizens joined secret societies to fight foreign influences • “Boxer” were one of the groups • Celebrated Chinese customs and criticized Western ways • In 1900 they killed foreign missionaries and besieged the foreign diplomats’ district in Beijing Boxer Continued • Japanese soldiers were sent to stop the Boxer Rebellion • Forces numbering 20,000 including 2,000 Americans were sent • Foreign powers required money to pay back for damages created by the rebellion Hay Reaffirms the Open Door Policy • In a second note, Hay established the Open Door Policy • America did not want colonies in China, they only wanted trade • U.S. used money paid to them from the rebellion to create scholarships for Chinese students to come to America Tensions Rise Between America and Japan • Japan also wanted to expand to China • Japan took offense to Russian troops in Manchuria • 1904 Japan attacked and bottled up Russia’s Pacific fleet • Fighting caused 100,000 Russian casualties and many Japanese Roosevelt Settles the RussoJapanese War • 1905 Japanese and Russian representatives met in Portsmouth, New Hampshire • President Roosevelt intervened when things got bad • Convinced the two sides to sign a peace treaty Theodore Roosevelt • Rough Rider • Became President in 1901 • McKinley was assassinated – Leon Frank Czolgosz Anti-Asian Prejudice Troubles Relations • Anti-Asian feeling in the west hurt relations with Japan • 1906 San Francisco School Board banned Japanese, Chinese, and Korean children from public schools • Roosevelt understood Japanese anger • Schools ended segregation if Japan limited emigration to U.S. The Great White Fleet Sets Sail • 1907 Roosevelt sent 16 white battleships on a “good will” cruise • Showed America’s increased power to the world