Transcript Key domestic events after the 1890s

Key domestic events
after the 1890s
SOL VUS.9
Open Door Policy
 The
Secretary of State, John Hay,
proposed a policy that would give
all nations equal trading rights in
China.
Dollar Diplomacy
 President
Taft urged American
banks and businesses to invest in
Latin America.
He promised that the United
States would step in if unrest
threatened their investments.
Growth in International
Trade

Occurred from the late
1800s to World War 1.
This was the first era
of a true “global
economy.”
Spanish American War
Puerto Rico was annexed by the
United States.
 The United States asserted the right
to intervene in Cuban affairs.

Panama Canal & the Role
of Theodore Roosevelt
 The
United States encourage
Panama’s independence from
Colombia.
 Parties negotiated a treaty to
build the canal.
Hawaii
United States’ efforts depose
Hawaii’s monarchy.
 U.S. annexes Hawaii.

Philippines

This territory was Annexed after the
Spanish American War.
Open Door Policy

Urged all foreigners in China to obey
Chinese law, and observe fair
competition.
U.S. Involvement in World
War I

The war began in Europe in 1914
when Germany and Austria-Hungary
went to War with Britain, France, and
Russia.

For three years, America remained
neutral, and there was strong
sentiment not to get involved in a
European war.

The decision to enter the war was the
result of continuing German
submarine warfare (freedom of the
seas) and American ties to Great
Britain.
 Americans
wanted to “make the
world safe for democracy.”
(Woodrow Wilson)

America’s military resources of
soldiers and war materials tipped
the balance of the war and led to
Germany’s defeat.
Fourteen Points
 Wilson’s
plan to eliminate the
causes of war.

Key Ideas
 Self-determination – This is the
principle that it is the right of the
people to determine their own
government forms and structures.
This was used to decide boundaries
at the end of WWI.
Freedom of the sea
There would be freedom of the seas
in war and in peace.
League of Nations
This was the concept of Woodrow
Wilson. He wanted an international
association of nations to help settle
disputes between countries through
diplomacy and negotiations.
Mandate system
German colonies were to be known as
mandates. The control of German
colonies would be under the
administration of the League of
Nations.
Treaty of Versailles
 The
French and English insisted
on punishment of Germany
A
League of Nations was created
by the Treaty of Versailles. The
United States was never a
member of the League of
Nations.
 National
boundaries were
redrawn, creating many new
nations including:
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Yugoslavia
League debate in the
United States
 Objections
to U.S. foreign
policy decisions being made
by an international
organization, not by U.S.
leaders, was a major reason for
the Senate to reject the League
and the Treaty of Versailles.
 Senate
reluctance to give up
control of foreign relations
resulted in the Senate’s failure to
approve Treaty of Versailles.
Causes of the Great
Depression
 Overspeculation
on stocks
using borrowed money that could
not be repaid when the stock
market crashed in 1929 and stock
prices collapsed.

The Federal Reserve took limited
action to strengthen the weakened
economy. Although it lowered
interest rates, it did not act to
prevent bank failures. Federal
Reserve’s failure to prevent
widespread collapse of the nation’s
banking system in the late 1920s and
early 1930s, led to severe contraction
in the nation’s supply of money in
circulation.
 High
protective tariffs that
produced retaliatory tariffs in
other countries strangled world
trade. This included the Tariff Act
of 1930, popularly called the
Hawley-Smoot Act.
Impact from the Great
Depression
 Unemployment
and homelessness
 Collapse of financial system (bank
closings)
 Political unrest (growing militancy
of labor unions)
 Farm foreclosures and migration
Mother Nature also contributed to
the dire circumstances of the
farmer during the Great
Depression. Giant dust storms
blew away the topsoil. Soon the
area was known as the Dust Bowl.
“Arkies” from Arkansas and “Okies” from
Oklahama left the desolation of the Dust
Bowl to settle in California.
New Deal (Franklin
Roosevelt)
 This
program changed the role of
the government to a more active
participant in solving problems.
 Roosevelt
rallied a frightened
nation in which one in four
workers was unemployed.
Roosevelt told the nation, “We
have nothing to fear, but fear
itself.”
 Relief
measures provided direct
relief to people for immediate
help.
The Works Progress Administration –
WPA – provided work AND WAGES to
the unemployed on useful projects.

Recovery programs were designed to
bring nation out of depression
The Agricultural Adjustment
Administration – AAA – made
available millions of dollars for
farmers to meet their mortgages and
also paid farmers to decrease crops
in hopes of increasing crop prices.
 Reform
measures corrected
unsound banking and investment
practices
The Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation – FDIC – insured
deposits in banks.
 Social
Security Act offered
safeguards for workers.
This act was designed to provide
security for old age.
1. What country did Panama
gain its independence from?
Colombia
2. After the Spanish American
War, the United States gained
the territory of
The Philippines
_________________
which had
been torn by insurrection.
3. What nation’s resources tipped
the scale in favor of the Allied
Powers and led to Germany’s
defeat?
The United States
4. Why did the United States
reject the League of Nations?
The Senate did not want to give
up control of foreign policy to the
League of Nations.
5. What was the main cause of
the Great Depression?
Overspeculation of stocks
6. What effect did the high tariffs
such as Smoot-Hawley have?
World trade was harmed and this
contributed to the Great
Depression.
7. What limited action did the
Federal Reserve take to help
the economy?
It lowered interests but did not
prevent bank failures.
8. How did Mother Nature
contribute to the Great
Depression?
The Dust Bowl caused farmers to
loose their farms due to drought.
Many of these farmers moved to
California.
9. Name three countries
formed after WWI.
Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia
10. What did Great Britain and
France insist on in the Treaty of
Versailles?
The punishment of Germany
11. What was the goal of
American expansionists?
The goal was to expand markets
for American goods. This would
increase the export trade.
12. What type of relief was
given by the WPA?
Direct relief
13. What did the AAA do to try
to help farmers?
It paid farmers to not produce
crops in hopes of increasing
prices.
14. What was a goal of the
New Deal?
To protect citizens and help them
get back on their feet
15. Why did the U. S.
construct the Panama Canal?
To increase trade routes