Transcript Jackson PPT slides

The Age of Jackson






Industrial Revolution in
America
Transportation Revolution
Market Revolution
The Indian Question
Mass Immigration (1840s)
– Irish
– German
– Scandinavian(Northern and
Western Europe)
More democratic (small “d”)
politics
– Revolution of 1828
– “Jacksonian democracy”


Religious revival and expansion
– 2nd Great Awakening
– Mormonism
– Universalism - Unitarianism
Reform movements
– Temperance
– Abolition
– Education
– Women’s Rights
– Insane asylums
– Health care/practices
– Utopian communities
Transportation
Revolution


The period from
1800-1860 saw
the massive
expansion of
modes and means
of transportation
Included:
– Roads (National
or Cumberland
Road)
– Canals (Erie,
etc.)
– Railroads
Map 10.3 The Transportation Revolution: Roads and Canals, 1820–1850 (p. 298)
Canals


Canal building boom
Erie Canal built to connect western farmers and their
products with eastern markets in New York
Steamboats and Robert Fulton



Development of a
commercial steamboat for
shallow river travel
Transformed commerce
along riverways
Fueled growth of major
river cities (Cincinnati,
Columbus, Louisville,
Pittsburgh, St. Louis, etc.)
Map 10.5 Railroads of the North and South, 1850–1860 (p. 301)
Map 10.4 The Speed of News in 1817 and 1841 (p. 300)
Transportation Revolution
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The Industrial Revolution


The Industrial Revolution was an ongoing effort, over
many decades, to increase production by using machines
powered by sources other than humans or animals.
In the North
– Eli Whitney’s idea of interchangeable parts
– Samuel Slater’s introduction of the model factory
– Lowell system of labor (Lowell Textile mills)

In the South,
– Whitney’s cotton gin
– Increased production of cotton dramatically (King Cotton)
– Increased need for slaves entrenches slavery in the southern
economy
Technology Celebrated (p. 284)
Samuel Slater’s Spinning Frame (p. 289)
Mill Girl, c. 1850 (p. 290)
Map 10.6 The Nation’s Major Cities in 1840 (p. 302)
Women and Immigration provide Labor
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Immigration
Figure 11.2 The Surge in Immigration, 1842–1855 (p. 338)
German,
Irish, and
Total
Immigration,
1830 – 1860
Antebellum Immigration
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Market Revolution Change from local to regional to national economies





Expanding Economy combination
– Industrial
– Transportation
– Labor force (Immigration,
Urbanization)
– Surplus
Manufacturing - from New England
to other Northern states and territories
Economic changes: early 1800s - free
enterprise system - rewarded better,
faster, more efficient ways of doing
businesses.
Banks lent capital for investment
Banks printed bank notes - value
fluctuated depending on the time and
place that they were cashed.
Election of 1824:
A Corrupt Bargain?





John Quincy Adams
Fewer popular votes
than Jackson
Clay threw support to
Adams
House of Reps chose
J. Q. Adams
Clay became Adams’
Secretary of State





Andrew Jackson
Most popular votes
Most electoral votes
Accused Adams, Clay,
and Congress of a
“Corrupt Bargain”
Fueled campaign for
1828 election
Map 11.1 Presidential Election of 1824 (p. 318)
Jackson enters National Politics:
Election of 1824
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Map 11.2 Presidential Election of 1828 (p. 321)
Andrew Jackson




President from 18281836
“Old Hickory”
DemocraticRepublican (shortened
to Democrats)
First non-”notable” to
be elected president
Jacksonian Democracy



More ‘power’ to the
common man.
Gave the ‘common’ man
(western farmers, southern
yeoman, etc. a feeling of
franchisement.
Key state-level democratic
reforms
•
•
•
•
•
-Universal male suffrage
-“King Caucus”
-Popular campaigning
-More elected offices
-Rotation in office
Revolution of 1828:
Jacksonian Democracy

QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.


A more
democratic
society - small
“d” democratic
Common people
felt they had a
representative in
the White House
“Spoils System”
Two-Party System


Effectively ended the
One party system of
DemocraticRepublicans.
Opposition party
formed called the
“Whigs”
Whigs and Democrats
Figure 11.1 Changes in Voting Patterns, 1824–1840 (p. 320)
Andrew Jackson: Issues




Nationalism vs. States’
Rights
Nullification and
Federal Authority
Bank of the United
States
Indian Removal
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (U ncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see t his picture.
The Nullification Crisis



Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of
Abominations) - hurt
southern cotton producers
Perceived as a sectional
law favoring
manufacturing interests in
the NE.
John C. Calhoun - South
Carolina Exposition and
Protest
The Nullification Crisis



Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of
Abominations) - hurt
southern cotton producers
Perceived as a sectional
law favoring
manufacturing interests in
the NE.
John C. Calhoun - South
Carolina Exposition and
Protest
Nullification Crisis of 1833



Tariff of 1832 passed.
South Carolina convention
‘nullified’ them both
Jackson threatened force
(Force Bill of 1833) if SC
didn’t abide by federal law
– Jackson despised
nullification calling it
unconstitutional

1833 - Compromise tariff
engineered by….. (drum
roll) Henry Clay.
Sectionalism vs. Nationalism
Tariff of 1832 (Abominations)


QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.


Maysville
Road Veto
WebsterHayne Debate
Nullification
States’ Rights?
The Bank of the United States
(BUS)




Jackson hated the 2nd BUS
manager, Nicholas Biddle
1832 - Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Bank Bill
Jackson saw the Bank as
harmful to the western
farmers with it’s tight money
policies
Viewed Bank as favoring
privilege and industry
Jackson’s View of the Bank of the United States (BUS)
Jackson Destroys the Bank (p. 326)
King Andrew the First


Jackson re-defined the
executive power of the
presidency
Critics depicted him as
depicted him as a
tyrant and maverick
Jackson and the Bank of the
United States
The Panic of 1837





Jackson withdrew all federal
funds from the BUS and
deposited them in ‘pet banks’
Spawned a speculative land
fever on western lands =
massive inflation of land values
(overvalued)
1836 - Jackson issued the
“Specie Circular” ordering all
land purchases be made in gold
and silver.
Paper banknotes lost their value
and land sales plummeted
Panic of 1837 - led to an
economic depression until the
early 1840s.
US Indian Policy: 1820-1850
U. S. Federal Indian Policy
1810-20 - War of 1812, death of Tecumseh and
pan-Indian alliance, Creek Wars, Indian Springs
Treaty of 1825, Seminole Wars
 1830 - Indian Removal Act - Gave President
authority to trade SE tribes for their land in east
for land in west. Provided money for land
transfer and relocation
 Black Hawk’s War (1832)

Black Hawk (1767–1838) (p. 328)
Indian Policy and the Cherokee Nation

Supreme Court decisions
– Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) - Marshall denied
Cherokee claim as a separate republic. Rather, they were a
domestic dependent nation. - ward of the US
– Worcester v. Georgia (1832) - Marshall held that
Cherokees were a distinct political community and entitled
to federal protection from state interference (from Georgia)
– Jackson’s response was: ‘John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce it.’

1838 - Forced removal of remaining Cherokee to
Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) - along the
“Trail of Tears”
Indian Removal in the 1830s
Map 11.3 The Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1843 (p. 327)
•file:///Users/jcorn/Desktop/APUSH%20PPTS/Animations/Indian%20Removal.htm
Andrew Jackson’s Legacy
Still debated. Admired by some, hated by
others.
 Strong influence on his generation both
politically and economically.
 Defined an era…
