Transcript Jackson`s Actions PowerPoint

Jackson’s
Actions
Indian Removal
Bank War
Nullification Crisis
 Whites continue to move into Indian territory.
 States like Georgia were passing laws to try to force
Indians from their lands.
 Worcester v. Georgia, 1832
 Courts ruled that Indian territories were nations with
separate laws and states had no jurisdiction within
their boarders.
 The federal government did not enforce the court’s
decision.
Election Results 1828
Indian Lands in 1828
•Do you think that the Indian Removal issue had an impact on
the Presidential election of 1828?
•Why did southern and frontier states all vote for Jackson?
The Case For
Removal:
 Speech to Congress, 1830
 How to you think the
author of this speech feels
about Indians and their
culture?
 What do you think
supporters of Indian
Removal meant when they
used the term “land
exchange?”
The Case Against
Removal
 Ladies of Steubenville, 1830
 Is America’s decision on the
Indian Removal issue a legal
question or a moral
question?
 What do the “ladies” think
the consequences of forcing
the Indians to move will be?
 You are a member of
congress in 1830 when
the Indian Removal Act
come up a vote.
 Do you vote for or
against Indian Removal?
 Why?
 Jackson leads the effort to
pass the Indian Removal
Act in 1830.
 Nearly all of the southern
Indian tribes are forced to
move to lands West of the
Mississippi River.
 The forced march West
becomes known as the
“Trail of Tears.”
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What is money?
What makes it valuable?
Gold and silver?
National bank: The wars (Revolutionary and 1812) left the
United States in debt. Some states were bankrupt. We
needed one unified currency ... Alexander Hamilton
suggested a central bank. The Bank of the United States
would be this central bank. The Second Bank of the United
States was also a commercial bank involved in making
loans. Other banks resented the competition from this
Federally supported institution.
 Should there be a Bank of the United
States?
 Pro’s and Con’s
B.U.S.
Interactive Slide Lecture
 Pro-Bank
 Anti-Bank
 Nicholas Biddle,
 Andrew Jackson,
B.U.S. president
 attempted to serve a
public purpose by
cushioning the ups
and downs of the
national economy
 U.S. government has
access to substantial
funding
 Bank should be based
on paper money
President U.S.A.
 Jackson believed BUS
was too powerful
because it was
privately owned.
 Considered it
unconstitutional
regardless of
Marshall’s McCulloch
vs. Maryland
 Bank should be based
on specie (gold and
silver)
•The Bank War
inspired numerous
cartoons.
•Opponents referred
to him as King Andrew
because used the veto
more than any
president to that
time…..12 times
•Destroyed the BUS in
1832 with the veto.
The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
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1832: Jackson vetoed the
extension of the 2nd
National Bank of the
United States.
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1836: the charter expired.
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1841: the bank went
bankrupt!
Results of the bank closing
 Banknotes
 Land
lose their value.
sales plummeted.
 Credit
not available.
 Businesses
began to fail.
 Unemployment
rose.
The Panic of 1837!
A triumphant
Jackson holds his
order to remove
government
deposits from the
bank as the bank
crumbles and a
host of demonic
characters scurry
from its ruins.
 Should a state have the right to nullify federal law?
 Disagreements over who decides if a law is
unconstitutional?
 The Supreme Court? The President? Congress?
The States?
 The Tariff of 1828 helped industry in the North, but
the farming economy of the south was being hurt by
the law.
 Cotton prices dropped from 31 cents per pound to 8
cents per pound in less than ten years.
 South Carolina leads to protest against what they saw as
an unconstitutional law by “nullifying” it.
 Supporters of
Nullification
 The people form
the states, and the
states form the
federal gov.
 Opponents of
Nullification
 The people came
together to directly
form the federal
gov.
 Preamble to the
Constitution = “We
the PEOPLE…”
 Supporters:
 Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions of 1798
 10th Amendment
 John C. Calhoun (Vice
President and South
Carolinian) published
“Exposition and Protest”
anonymously.
 Opponents of Nullification
 The supremacy of the national
government based on the
Supremacy Clause (Article VI) of
the Constitution.
Pro-Nullification
Anti-Nullification
 Led by Vice President
 Led by President Andrew
John C. Calhoun
 Southern planters who
rely on cotton and
slavery
Jackson
 Merchants (mostly
Northerners) who like
the Tariff
 Those supporting the
authority of the federal
government
The Problem
 The Tariff of 1828
angered many Southern
states because it hurt
their economy.
 South Carolina
“nullifies” the Tariff.
Possible Solutions
 Send in the military and
force South Carolina to
obey.
 Could lead to war
 Revoke the Tariff of 1828.
 Makes the federal
government look weak
 Compromise
 Describe how you would
“meet in the middle”
 1832- SC calls a convention
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and nullifies the tariff and
threatens secession creating
major national crisis.
Jackson signs the Force Bill
and Tariff of 1833 at the
same time.
Force Bill authorizes military
action to collect tariffs and
prevent secession.
Tariff of 1833 lowers the tax.
“With this hand I offer
peace, with this hand I offer
war, you choose.”
 SC drops nullification, accepts the
compromise tariff but nullifies the
Force Bill at the same time.
 Both sides say they won.