Transcript Cold War - Cloudfront.net

The Cold War
Cold War
The state of tension and hostility between
nations aligned with the United States and
the Soviet Union (Bipolarity)
Concepts of the Cold War
Mirror Image
The tendency of states and people in
competition to perceive each others
similarly
Iron Curtain
• Yalta & Potsdam
– Eastern European countries
were given to the Soviet
• Term to describe the
ideological conflict and
physical boundary dividing
Europe into two separate
areas
• Division of Europe
– West : Democratic
– East :Communist
Satellite
Nations:
Commuist
Puppet
governments
Eastern
Europe
Containment
U.S. policy and goal to prevent the spread of
communism abroad
[George Kennan]
Domino Theory
If one state in a region came under the
influence of communism, then the surrounding
countries would follow
Arms Race
competition
between two or
more parties to
have the best
armed forces
(and weapons).
National Defense Budget [1940-1964]
NSC-68 :
A significant
increase in
military
spending to
contain
Communism.
Brinkmanship –
Tactic of seeming
to approach the
verge of war in
order to persuade
one's opposition to
retreat
Cold War Concept Book
Cold War; Mirror Image; Iron Curtain;
Containment; Domino Theory; Arms
race; Satellite Nations, Brinksmanship
•Word
•Academic Definition
•Your personal definition
•everyday example
•Two Images (Colored)
Image
Image
The Word
Your personal definition /
explanation
Definition
Everyday example
Cold War; Mirror Image; Iron Curtain; Containment; Domino
Theory; Satellite Nations; Arms race; Brinksmanship
The Cold War
The state of tension and
hostility between nations
aligned with the United
States and the Soviet
Union
When two parties fight via others. No
direct conflict
Divorced parents using their
children as leverage.
Two friends do not like each others.
Instead of fighting directly, they try
to get their friends on their side.
The Cold War [1945-1991]:
An Ideological Struggle
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
US & the
Western
Democracies
1.Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
GOAL  spread worldwide Communism
2.Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
3.Ideological Competition of Third World
peoples [Communist govt. & command
economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist
economy]  “proxy wars”
4.Alliances in Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw
Pact]
UH OH …
MOVIE TIME!!!!!!!!
OMG!!!
THE DOT GAME
1) Receive a piece of paper
2) NO SHOW & NO TELL!
3) Goal: get in to groups
4) Goal: group with no dot
5) 1 person = 1 point
6) Group HAS to be more than 2
people
Court Cases
• Alger Hiss
• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
– Accused of being Communist spies
• Espionage and treason
– Tried, convicted, and executed
Senator Joseph McCarthy
McCarthyism
• Chairman senate
subcommittee
• Accused thousands!
– Democrats
– Gov. Officials
– Union
– Hollywood
• Damaged reputations
• Empty charges
• Witch Hunt!
Anna Chapman
NSA
Leak
Edward Snowden
• Disclosed thousands
of classified
documents to several
media outlets
• Numerous global
surveillance
programs, many of
them run by the NSA
and the Five Eyes
• Australia, Canada,
New Zealand, United
Kingdom, United
States of America
Hydrogen Bomb
What happened to
Europe???
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Defense Alliance
Warsaw Pact
Collective defense treaty among eight
communist states
• Marshall Plan –
economic aid to
any country that
supported
democracy –
West Europe
• Molotov Plan –
USSR economic
aid to Eastern
European
countries
Truman Doctrine
•Sent military aid
and money to
Turkey and Greece
•Fight against
communism
•Nuclear weapons
Quick Discussion
• What happened to Europe as a result of
the Cold War?
• What do you think happened to Germany
after WWII?
• Why was the treaty of Versailles so
ineffective? What did it force Germany to
do?
Berlin Blockade  Berlin Airlift – US response to
Stalin’s Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Wall
• Berlin was split into democratic West and
communist East after WWII.
• In the 1950s, West Berlin became an
example of prosperity. As a result, East
Germans, unhappy with communism, fled
to West Berlin.
• To stop people from leaving, East
Germany built a huge concrete wall, with
barbed wire and patrolled by guards.
Berlin Wall – Divided East and West Berlin
OA 2
Berlin Wall Fortifications
Watch the video and list the fortifications of
the Berlin Wall
Arms Race
• The United States and Soviet Union engaged in a
race to outproduce the other in nuclear weaponry
– Inter Continental Ballistic Missiles
• Both sides achieved “Mutually Assured
Destruction”
• American and Soviet arms agreements led to an
era of “Detente” or relaxing of tensions during the
1970s
• In 1968, many nations signed the Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty. These nations agreed not to
develop nuclear weapons.
OA 3 (521)
1) What happened to China during world
war II?
2) What happened in China after Japan’s
defeat?
3) Who was the communist revolutionary
leader in China?
4) How did the Communists win in China?
Mao and Chiang
During WWII, the Nationalists and Communists put aside their
difference and worked together to fight their common enemy, Imperial
Japan
Reasons for the Communists’
Success
• Mao won support of peasants
and women
• Mao’s army used guerilla war
tactics
• Many saw the Nationalist
government
as corrupt
• Many felt that the
Nationalists allowed
foreigners to dominate
China.
People’s Republic of China
• Mao and his communists
forces were able to defeat
the Nationalists.
• In 1949, Communists
established the People’s
Republic of China.
• Mao Zedong became the first
chairman (leader) of the
Communist Party.
Republic of China
• Chiang Kai Shek and the Goumindang
were defeated. They fled the PRC and
established its own government in what
is today known as Taiwan (Republic of
China)
• Chiang became the President/Dictator
of the Republic of China between 1928
and 1975.
• Taiwan still has a close relationship
with the U.S. and the western nations.
– Geographical and economic purposes
Taiwan serves as an important nation
for the U.S.
• ROC and the PRC throughout history
argued that they were the legitimate
heirs to China, causing much political
tension internationally
• However, recently their relationships
have improved. Taiwan has been
more open to international businesses
and creating relationship with PRC.
Korean War
[1950-1953]
Kim Il-Sung
Syngman Rhee
“Domino Theory”- one country falling after
another under Communism
The Shifting Map of Korea
[1950-1953]
38th parallel – armistice/truce
DMZ “Demilitarized Zone”
Truman and MacArthur
Korean War
[1950-1953]
BUT
Technically…
Not over
Was it worth it?
Was it worth it?
The Kim Family
Kim Jong Il
Kim Jong Un
Cuban Missile Crisis
Fidel Castro
communist revolutionary became the leader of Cuba
Bay of Pigs Invasion
• US sponsored rebels invaded Cuba to
overthrow Fidel Castro from ruling
Cuba.
• Unsuccessful attempt –
embarrassment to the Presidency –
John F. Kennedy (JFK)
• Castro was afraid of another invasion
– agreement with USSR (Nikita
Khrushchev) to allow Soviet Missiles
in Cuba.
Options
•
•
•
•
•
Do nothing
Diplomacy – give into Soviet Demands
Blockade – Stop ships from entering Cuba
Surprise Attack – air raid on Cuba
Full Invasion
Cuban Missile Crisis
• Blockade – quarantine
of Cuba
• 13 days of negotiations
Outcome
• Soviets remove the missiles in
Cuba and the US removes
their missiles from Turkey
I hate this
guy!
Grrrrr~~~
Space race
competition
space
exploration
USSR first in
space Sputnik
Laika the very first dog in space!
NASA – was
created to
compete with
the USSR in the
space race.
APOLLO 11
-Neil Armstrong
-Buzz Aldrin
Mao Zedong China
Ho Chi Minh “He who
enlightens”– Vietnam
Mao Zedong- China
Spreading Communism – Domino Theory – one nation falling after another
SEATO – South East Asian Treaty Organization
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Four or more weeks of the following symptoms
constitute post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD):
1. Haunting memories
2. Nightmares
3. Social withdrawal
Bettmann/ Corbis
4. Jumpy anxiety
5. Sleep problems
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