Transcript The Axis Powers (1940)

Bell Quiz: (page 552)
Read the “Point/Counterpoint” box
1)
2)
3)
4)
What did isolationists believe about
America’s role in the world?
What was the interventionist
position on America’s world role?
In what way did Lindbergh believe
democracy would be saved?
Why did FDR think the U.S. was
threatened by what was happening
in Europe?
Objectives
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Describe the U.S. response to the
outbreak of war in Europe in 1939.
Explain how Roosevelt assisted the
Allies without declaring war.
Summarize the events that brought
the United States into armed conflict
with Germany.
Describe the American response to
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Use pages 550-557 to answer the
following questions.
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What was the U.S. response to the outbreak
of war in Europe?
What 3 countries formed the Axis Powers in
1940?
How did Roosevelt assist the Allies without
declaring war (4)?
What events led the United States into
armed conflict with Germany?
Why did the Japanese draw the U.S. into
WWII by attacking Pearl Harbor?
U.S. Moving Away from
Neutrality
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1939, Franklin Roosevelt convinced congress to
revise the Neutrality Act.
FDR persuaded Congress to pass a “cash-and
carry” provision.
• Allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as
they paid cash and transported them in their own ships.
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FDR asked Congress to increase spending for
national defense.
Congress also passed the Selective Training and
Service Act.
Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March
1941.
Under the Lend-Lease Plan the president would
lend or lease arms and other supplies to “any
county whose defense was vital to the United
States.”
The Axis Powers (1940)
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September 7, 1940,
Germany, Italy, and Japan
signed the Tripartite Pact.
• The Tripartite Pact was a
mutual defense treaty.
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Germany, Italy, and Japan
were now the Axis Powers.
Under the Tripartite Pact
each Axis nation agreed to
come to the defense of the
others in case of attack.
The Tripartite Pact’s goal was
to keep the U.S. out of the
war.
June 1941, Hitler broke the
nonaggression pact and
invaded the Soviet Union.
German U-boats
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Hitler deployed German
submarines (U-boats) to
attack supply ships.
Groups of 40 submarines
patrolled areas in the
North Atlantic and attacked
convoys of supply ships
(wolf pack attacks).
Could sink as much as
350,000 tons of shipments
in a single month.
September 1941,
Roosevelt granted the
navy permission for U.S.
warships to attack
Germany U-boats in selfdefense.
Atlantic Charter
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Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly aboard the battleship
USS Augusta.
Churchill hoped for a U.S. military commitment.
Settled for the Atlantic Charter – a joint declaration of war
aims.
Both countries pledged collective security, disarmament,
self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of
the seas
The Atlantic Charter became the basis of the United
Nations.
The United Nations was suggested by Roosevelt to express
the common purpose of the Allies.
Allies: the nations that fought the Axis powers.
The Declaration of the United Nations was signed by 26
nations.
Japan Attacks
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Japan was led by Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and Emperor
Hirohito.
Goal was to unite East Asia under Japanese rule.
U.S. protested Japanese aggression by cutting off trade (oil
embargo).
December 7, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, the largest
U.S. naval base in the Pacific.
In less than 2 hours, the Japanese had killed 2,403
Americans and wounded 1,178.
21 ships had been sunk or damaged, nearly the whole U.S.
Pacific fleet.
Congress quickly approved Roosevelt’s request for a
declaration of war against Japan.
3 days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United
States.