Transcript RAHH Day 2 agenda 08 - intro to cold war and kennan

RAH-H Day 2 Agenda
Goal – to understand paradoxes and Gillon’s thesis. To
understand the causes of the Cold War, develop map skills,
to develop primary source document analysis skills.
1. Read p 1-7 – identify the paradoxes Gillon presents. Identify the central
paradox.
1. Check in text books and notecards
2. Discuss paradoxes
2. Questions from homework
3. Timeline of Cold War of early Cold War
4. Differences between Soviets and US over Europe and ideologically
5. Map activity regarding Cold War in Europe
1. cold war maps
6. Analyze Kennan’s Long Telegram
7. Who caused the Cold War? Prof. Gaddis PSSA prep activity packet p 5-10
1. complete Multiple choice questions
Kennedy Backs Obama With ‘Old Politics’
Attack
Seldom does Senator Kennedy mention his brothers, both of whom
were assassinated, in public appearances. But he made repeated
references to them.
“There was another time, when another young candidate was
running for president and challenging America to cross a new
frontier,” Mr. Kennedy said. “He faced criticism from the preceding
Democratic president, who was widely respected in the party,” a
reference to Harry S. Truman. “And John Kennedy replied: ‘The
world is changing. The old ways will not do. It is time for a new
generation of leadership.’ ”
paradox:
1) a statement that seems inherently
contradictory that may nevertheless be true.
Ex: I want a small weak government that
solves our problems and makes my life better.
Key paradoxes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Society changed but attitudes did not want to
Grand expectations led to disappointment
Fear of big government and demand for big government
(especially the president)
Want a modern welfare state without cost
civic nationalism (unified public American culture) vs cultural
pluralism (respect and toleration for different beliefs
Operational liberal & philosophically conservative
Yalta and Potsdam Conference – CR1Q1
Yalta – Feb. 1945 –Stalin, FDR and Churchill met to discuss plans for the end of
WWII. The “Big Three” Agreed:
1. USSR to enter war against Japan in return for Kuril & Sakhalin islands
2. create a UN to help keep peace and prevent war
3. USSR will allow free elections in E. Europe especially in Poland
Potsdam (July 1945) – Truman, Stalin and Churchill (Atlee halfway through
1.
2.
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4.
5.
conference)
Agreed to division of Germany into 4 zones
Agreed to USSR entering war against Japan within weeks
disagreement over elections (Stalin essentially cancelled elections and set up
puppet regimes) (US fought WWII for the principles of the Atlantic Charter –
self-determination, personal freedom, free trade)
disagreement over war reparations from Germany and future of Germany
(Stalin punished Germany for its “crimes” against the USSR) (while Western
allies helped rebuild Germany to prevent another WWII)
Stalin and Truman don’t like or trust each other (Truman found out the US had
the A-bomb so started bossing Stalin around.)(Stalin knew about the bomb and
instructed his scientists to push harder to get their own bomb)
CR1Q2
Communism
1. no private property
2. No political choice
3. Little personal choice
4. No god
5. Totalitarian gov’t
6. Worldwide revolution
against capitalism
American system
1. private property
2. Elections & free assembly
3. Personal choice
4. Freedom of religion (lots
of god)
5. Limited gov’t
6. Spread “democracy” and
capitalism
What was the Cold War? – CR1Q3
The Cold War was a 45 year period of conflict, competition and cooperation
between two global superpowers – the US and the USSR.
• This Cold War was characterized by
A. NO direct military fighting between the US and the USSR
B. An ARMS RACE to see who could get the most advanced, powerful and
dangerous military hardware – most specifically – NUCLEAR WEAPONS –
but never to use them because of “MAD” Mutual Assured Destruction
C. A race to see who could develop the most advanced rocketry and take
control of space – a SPACE RACE
D. Competition for political/diplomatic/economic influence in
1. Europe – division of Europe by the “Iron Curtain” lead to the
development of competing alliances - NATO v Warsaw Pact
2. Then Asia – Chinese Civil War, Korean War, Vietnam War, Afghanistan
3. Then the oil-producing Middle East – overthrow of Iranian gov’t
4. Then South and Central America and Africa – Guatemala and
Nicaragua
E. The competition SURROGATE WAR often involved arming smaller allies to
fight against the other superpower (USSR supplying the Vietcong against
the US in Vietnam, or the US supplying the Mujahedin in Afghanistan
against the USSR) –or- arming allies against the other’s allies like USIsrael vs USSR-Syria.
Use Maps on pages 15 and 18
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7.
Identify all countries controlled by USSR after WWII in Europe.
Which countries joined NATO by 1955?
Which countries joined the Warsaw Pact?
Which countries are notable exceptions to the above
membership?
Which countries were recipients of Marshall Plan money? Who
was not?
Where is Berlin? Why is its geographical location a cause of the
Berlin Crisis of 1948?
What does map on 18 indicate about the causes and effects of
the early Cold War?
1.
2.
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4.
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6.
7.
Use Maps on pages 15 and 18
Identify all countries controlled by USSR after WWII in Europe. E.
Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary –
Cominform (1947) to organize and coordinate communist parties world
wide, the CoMEcon (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance – 1949) and
Warsaw Pact 1955
Which countries joined NATO by 1955? US, Canada, Portugal, France, UK,
Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece,
Turkey, Germany
Which countries joined the Warsaw Pact? Germany, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, USSR
Which countries are notable exceptions to the above membership?
Yugoslavia, Ireland, Sweden and Austria
Which countries were recipients of Marshall Plan money? Who was not?
Portugal, France, UK, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium,
Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Germany, Switzerland, Austria,
Sweden, Ireland – USSR turned down ERP money for itself and its
satellites
Where is Berlin? Why is its geographical location a cause of the Berlin
Crisis of 1948? Berlin is in Eastern Germany, behind the Iron Curtain but
¾ of Berlin was controlled by US & Allies – great base for espionage
What does map on 18 indicate about the causes and effects of the early
Cold War? Europe was divided down the middle, US & USSR across IC
RAH Day 2 Agenda
• Reread Kennan’s “Long Telegram” p 10-11
1. Identify the assumptions he had about communist
ideology
2. What were his conclusions about how to deal with the
USSR? Why?
3. Explain the foreign policy developed from this conclusion
Kennan’s Long Telegram
1. Identify the assumptions he had about communist ideology
Communists –
A. Have the personality they do because the CPSU has wielded
tremendous total power
B. Economics are key to human existence
C. Capitalism is evil and unjust
D. Capitalists will defeat themselves because they cannot adjust to
economic change and the need for adequate distribution of wealth
E. Capitalist imperialism will lead to war and revolution
F. Soviets want to weaken the US the USSR is a RIVAL
G. Soviets want to expand their influence throughout the world
2. What were his conclusions about how to deal with the USSR?
A. The US needs to exert MULTIFACETED pressure to CONTAINING the
Soviet threat. - Economic - military - diplomatic pressure
B. US cannot just rattle its sabres because the Soviets will resist with force
C. US needs to have a LONG-TERM and PATIENT strategy to react to and
block Soviet moves
3. Explain the foreign policy developed from this conclusion CONTAINMENT