Transcript Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy
Chapter 17
Goals & Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Foreign Affairs & National Security;
Isolationism to Internationalism
Foreign & Defense Agencies: CIA, NSA
Monroe Doctrine, Manifest Destiny, WWI
& WWII, Cold War, Terrorism
Foreign Aid & Defense Alliances: NATO,
UN, Middle East
Isolationism to Internationalism
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Domestic Affairs:
Foreign Affairs:
Isolationism: Why refusal to become
involved?
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George Washington: “Stay out of European
affairs”.
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Too Costly: War through the alliance system.
Too Costly: Trade barriers
Isolationism to Imperialism
Today’s World
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5.
Chemical & Biological Weapons
Drug Cartels
Rogue States (Iran, N. Korea)
International Terrorists
Civil Wars
What role should the U.S. Play and Why?
Drug Cartels to Terrorists
Foreign Policy Defined
1. Diplomatic
2. Military
3. Commercial
Which foreign policy characteristic most often leads
our nation into foreign wars and why?
Use 3 examples to support your answer.
Role of President in Foreign Policy
1.
Commander-in-Chief: Military
2.
Chief Diplomat: Appointment
3.
Executive Treaty: Agreements
4.
Head of State: Spokesman
Foreign Policy Defined
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9.
Treaties
Alliances
Trade
Defense
Economic Aid
U.N. (International Law)
Imports/Exports
Immigration
Space Exploration
Secretary of State
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President’s right arm in foreign affairs
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Conduct the Nation’s Foreign Policy
C. Powell-GH Bush appointment, 1st African
American
C. Rice- GW Bush appointment, 1st African
American Female
1st Cabinet Member
5th in line for the Presidency
Ambassadors
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Promote American Interests:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
Trade
Intelligence
Immigration
Aiding American Citizens abroad
Special Ambassadors:
1. United Nations
2. North Atlantic Treaty Council
Role of the Secretary of State
Passports & Visas
• Passports: legal permission to leave
• Visas: legal permission to enter
• Ilegal Immigrants vs. American passports
– You must have permission to depart but not to
enter the United States..?
Passports
Visas
Diplomatic Immunity
• Ambassadors may not be sued, taxed, or
arrested.
– They have privacy in their papers, communications
and other property.
– Persona non grata- may be expelled for
unacceptable behavior.
Department of War
Defense Department
The War Department (1789)
 The Department of the Navy (1798)
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The Defense Department (1947)
– National Security Act
 Unify all military departments under one umbrella
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1.4 million military personnel
Defense Department
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Civil Control of the military…
– Why? Dangers posed to free government
 Congress power to declare war and regulate the
armed services
 President commander-in-chief
– Checks and Balances
American Militia: 2nd Amendment Right to Form &
Maintain a Well-Regulated Militia
Defense Department
Secretary of Defense: appointed and
confirmed.
2. Pentagon: one-forth of federal budget
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3.
Joint Chiefs: 5 members
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2.
3.
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Chairman of Joint Chiefs
Army Chief
Chief of Naval Operations
Commandant of the Marine Corps
Air Force Chief of Staff
Pentagon
The Big 3 Military Departments
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Army
2.
Navy: Marine Corps
3.
Air Force
United States ARMY
Department of Army
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7.
Oldest
Largest
Created: 1775 Second Continental Congress
Ground Base Operations, land warfare
Regular Army, Army National Guard, Army
Reserve
435,000 men 75,000 women (no special
forces)
Heavy Guns, Helicopter, Anti-Aircraft
Unites States NAVY
United States MARINES:
Department of the U.S. Navy
Department of Navy
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4.
Second Continental Congress 1775
Sea warfare and Defense
385,000 men, 50,000 women
Marine Corps: 1775
1. Land force for Naval Operations
2. 160,000 men, 10,000 women
United States AIR FORCE
Department of Air Force
1.
Youngest (1947)
1. Aeronautical Division of the Army Signal
Corps (1907)
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6.
******Nation’s First Line of Defense
Air and Aerospace Operations
To attack enemy on land, air, sea
Transport and support responsibilities
365,000 men 65,000 women
Foreign Affairs & Defense
Agencies
1. FBI-Federal Bureau of Investigations
1. Combats terrorism, espionage
2. Public Health Service:
1. Pandemics, bioterrorism, diseases
3. Coast Guard:
1. Protect shipping on high seas
Centers for Disease Control
Federal Bureau of Investigations
United States Coast Guard
Central Intelligence
Agency
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National Security Council (1947)
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Appointed by President, confirmed by
Senate
CIA:
1. Coordinate information-gathering
2. Analyze and evaluate data (info)
3. Brief President and NSC members
Central Intelligence Agency
Central Intelligence
Agency
1. “cloak and dagger” agency
2. Espionage or spying
1. Covert-secret operations
3. Not allowed to conduct operations in
United States
Department of Homeland Security
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2002: Anti-Terrorism agency
1.
Border and Transportation
Infrastructure protection
Emergency Preparedness
Chemical, Biological Radiological, nuclear
Defense
Information analysis
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3.
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5.
Homeland Security
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5.
6.
7.
Secret Service
Customs
INS
Coast Guard
Transportation
Treasury
FEMA
NASA
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1957: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration—independent agency
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1.
2.
1986: Challenger
2003: Columbia
Origin, Evolution, Structure of Universe
Space Station (2000): Brazil, Canada, US,
Russia, Japan, 10 European Nations
NASA
Selective Service System
1790’s Beginning; no way to enforce
Civil War: South and North
Conscripted:
Compulsory:
Selective Service Act of 1917: WWI
Draft ends 1947 following WWII
1st peacetime draft: 1948-1973, Vietnam
18-26 years of age: Major Protests
Draft suspended 1973 until Jimmy Carter
by executive order reactivates
Founding Fathers
Warnings
• G. Washington: 1796; to steer
clear of permanent alliances
• T. Jefferson: 1801; no
entangling alliances
• Why Isolationism?
Manifest Destiny
1.
East Coast to West Coast—One Nation
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Louisiana Purchase: 1803
Texas 1845
Mexican-American War 1846-1848
Oregon 1846
Native American Territories and the Railroads
1853 Gadsden Purchase
1867 Alaska
1867 War with France in Mexico
East Coast to West Coast: One Nation
The Monroe Doctrine
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2.
3.
1823: Western Hemisphere warning to
Russia and Europe
Protect American trade interests
Expansion of Manifest Destiny North and
South Poles
Monroe Doctrine an Empire
Spanish-American War 1898
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2.
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5.
Philippines
Guam
Puerto Rico
Cuba ?
Hawaii
1.
S. Dole and the Hawaiian King and Queen?
Spanish-American War 1898
Good Neighbor Policy
1.
T. Roosevelt Corollary
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3.
1903 Panama and Colombia and Panamian
Canal
Dollar Diplomacy
Big Stick Diplomacy
2. F. Roosevelt and a Good Neighbor
3. 1947: Rio Pact—Stay Out Warning!
Speak Softly & Carry a Big Stick
Open Door Policy in China
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Trade and Commerce
Boxer Rebellion
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1899: War with China
Boxers vs Economic Expansion
W. Wilson’s Big Lie
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3.
1916: “Reelect me, I kept you out of war”
1917: Selective Service Act
1917: “to make the world safe for
democracy”
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2.
You can have any type of government you want
as long as it is democratic?
Banks: 20 million loans to G. Britain and France
14 Points: League of Nations
Post WWI
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3 Back to Back to Back Republicans
Warren G. Harding: “A return to
Normalcy”
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Isolationists
Roaring 20’s
American Banks finance European
governments? Punish Germany?
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New war!
Return to Normalcy: End of WWI
WWII (1941-1945)
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FDR: “arsenal for/of democracy”
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Allies: ??? China, Russia, Great Britain
Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan
Today’s Enemy: Russia, China
Today’s Allies: Germany, Japan????
Supplied Allies to defeat Axis in WWII,
ended Great Depression in America
2 New Principles
• Collective Security
– United Nations 1945
• Deterrence
– Military Might
– GW Bush: preemptive
war, 1st strike to potential
enemy
Truman Doctrine
1. Containment: stop spread of communism
1. How?
2. Economic and Military Aid
1. Where?
3. Greece , Turkey, Cuba
1. When? 1947-1980
Berlin Blockade
 East Germany: Soviet, Communism
 West Germany: G. Britain, France, U.S
 When? 1948-1949
 Why? To force out G. Britain, France, U.S.
– Battle of the Bulge
– What Happened? Pearl Harbor?
Cuban Missile Crisis
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Fidel Castro turned to Communism
When? 1959
Why? Lot’s of cash from the Soviets
When? 1962, CIA invasion of Cuba
– Result: Defeated by Cubans and Soviets
– 13 day Nuclear threat of War!
Korean Conflict
When? 1950-1953
st and only UN war.
 Who? ****1
 Why? Containment
 Results: 20 billion spent, 33,629
American soldiers lives
 Today: Standoff along 38th parallel
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• Is Communism really defeated?
Vietnam Conflict
When? 1954-1975 America’s longest
war
 Who? U.S. vs. Nationalist Ho Chi
Minh, China, USSR
 Why? Containment
 Results: America defeated in retreat
 Today: Vietnam is a semiCommunist country
 58,000 dead American Soldiers
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Vietnam Conflict
America’s distrust of Foreign Policy
 America’s distrust of Selective
Service Act
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America’s need to regain world
respect for foreign policy initatitves
Cold War 1945-1992
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United Soviet Socialists Republic
• USSR:
• WAR against Communism and Socialism
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What was the threat? Explain your answer.
Détente: relaxation of tensions
with?
Dangerous World
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2.
3.
4.
Osama bin Laden: al Qaida
Taliban-Afghanistan
Nuclear Arsenals: Pakistan, India, N.
Korea, Iran
Saddam Hussein: Iraq
Foreign Aid
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60 years of aid dating back to FDR’s
Lend-Lease Act
$500 Billion in Aid to 100 countries
Security Alliances
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8.
NATO: 1949 ?
Rio Pact: 1947 ?
Japanese Pact: 1951 ?
Philippines Pact: 1951 ?
Korean Pact: 1953 ?
Taiwan Pact: 1954 ?
United Nations: 1945 ?
Israel: 1948