Transcript The New Republic

The New Republic
Washington Adams
Administrations
1789-1800
List 5 key understandings
for each of the following:
1.
Federalist Papers
2.
Judiciary Act of 1789
Hamilton’s report on public credit
Hamilton’s report on manufactures
First Bank of the United States
Bill of Rights
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5.
Quiz Washington’s Admin
List 5 key understandings
for each of the following:
1.
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6.
Assumption
Citizen Genet
Jay’s Treaty
Elastic Clause
Pinckney Treaty
Farwell Address
Alexander Hamilton
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Genius/intellectual
Surrogate son of
Washington
Worked as adjutant
during Revolution
Strong advocate of
Federal Constitution
Writes Federalist
Papers with Madison
and Jay
Publious
1757-1804
Alexander Hamilton
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1757-1804
Federalist Papers- a series of essays and
articles written to persuade and create support for
the new Federal Constitution.
– Written under a pseudonym Publius, really by
Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
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Assumption
Bank of the United States
Alexander Hamilton
1757-1804
Major Accomplishments
Advocated for Strong Financial Health for USA Financial
plan=(Assumption, Whiskey Tax, Tariff, BUS)
Assumption:
– The Federal Government takes over the debts of the
revolution and the states
– to create a strong financial program for the
government and
– strengthen credit worthiness of FED government as a
whole.
– The Capital of the Fed GOV= Virginia= Washington
DC
– B.U.S. Created the first Bank of the United Statesusing the concept of the Elastic Clause of the
Constitution –
– See Article I section 8 (Elastic Clause)
Economic Philosophy
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Report on Public Credit (1790)
Plan to shape fiscal policies of the administration
to favor wealthier groups
In return, the wealthy would lend the gov't
monetary & moral support
Prosperity would trickle down to the masses
Report on Manufactures (1791)
Advocated promotion of a factory system in U.S.
so the nation could exploit its national resources
and strengthen capitalism.
Was the basis for the tariff component in his
financial plan.
Federalist Agenda
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Strong National Government
Support in the Northeast and trading centers both North and
South
Pro-British -Anti-French
Commercial strength (trade)
Manufacturing protection- tariff to support trade
Advocated strong economic health
Fund public debt from revolution
Certificates- issue of speculators buying them in anticipation of
government purchase
Assume state debts- Assumption plan- in exchange for national
capital in the south
– (Washington D. C.)
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National Bank= BUS
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To create stable center for banks
Offer business loans
Create order to the finances of government/taxes and spending
Taxes to build economic strength (debt)
Sale of Western land
Whiskey tax
Import taxes
Subsidiary strategy: to align wealthy elites to support the new
government
– Debt the government being in debt was OK for Hamilton
James Madison-
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architect of the ConstitutionFederalist first then RepublicanFather of the Constitution
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Wrote the Bill of Rights
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Judiciary Act of 1789
Establishes the federal court system
Organized the Supreme Court with a chief
justice (John Jay) and five associates
 Organized federal district and circuit courts.
 Established the office of attorney general.
 Courts will interpret the constitution = can
overturn laws made by states or the
Congress
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Republican Agenda 1790’s
Thomas
Jefferson
Not seen as elitist like
Federalist
Believed in the “Common
Man”
Reacting against the
philosophy of the
Federalists and Hamilton
Pro-French, French
Regarding
the National Bank
–Federal Government had no
authority to create the National
Bank
The
constitution did not
address or allow (Strict
Interpretation of Constitution)
Hamilton said, the
constitution allows all laws
that are necessary, known as
the Elastic Clause
Revolution as a great movement
Believed in concepts of the
toward democracy
States vs. Federal Gov
Believed in the strength of the
Against Hamilton finance plan
small farmer
Against the Tariff
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Domestic issues
Executive Departments
Established :
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War, State, Treasury,
Attorney General
Cabinet
Assumption
B.U.S.
US capitol at Washington DC
Report on Public Credit 1790
Report on Manufactures 1791
Judiciary Act 1789 Whiskey
Tax, 1791
Battle of Fallen Timbers,
1794
Farewell Address, 1796
Washington
Administration
1789-1796
Foreign Policy
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Neutrality Proclamation,
1793
Citizen Genet
Jay Treaty, 1794
Pinckney Treaty, 1795
Battle of
Fallen
Timbers
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1794
General “Mad” Anthony Wayne
Indian battle Americans beat the Indians (a group of
tribes, supplied and aided by British forts in the area)
Major victory for Americans
Reduced Indian resistance to American settlers.
Treaty of Grenville signed
Native Americans turned over to the United States
large parts of modern-day Ohio, the future site of
Chicago, and the Fort Detroit area.
Washington Administration
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Executive Cabinet
Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
– Proclaimed U.S. neutrality toward the war between
Britain and France
– Warned citizens to be impartial to both Britain &
France
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Whiskey Rebellion, 1794
– Eastern Pennsylvania farmers organize and protest
whiskey tax and Washington mobilizes 15,000 militia
to confront, ends peacefully
– Significance: Washington asserts power of Federal
government
– Reminiscent of pre-revolution actions of Brits,
Lexington…
Citizen Genet (French Diplomat-caused complaint from
Washington)
Washington Administration
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Jay Treaty with British, 1794
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British and French at war again
Americans want to stay out of war
Brits had been seizing American property
Bad treaty for AmericansBrink of War, the federalist need to appease British.
Complaints of seizing US ships, seamen, and inciting
Indians on the frontier
– Jay concludes a treaty that prevents war but
Americans must pay Revolutionary debts
– British agree to pay for seizure of US property and
promise to leave the forts in the Ohio area.
Pinckney Treaty with Spain, 1795
– Negotiated a settlement Americans to navigate/transport goods
down the Mississippi to New Orleans
– Significance: Americans get another recognition of American
claims and sovereignty over territory
Madison on Partisanship
– “The public good is disregarded in
conflicts of rival parties.
– And measure are too often decided
not according to the rules and
justice and the rights of the minor
party but by the superior force of an
interested and overbearing majority”
Washington
Administration
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Farewell Address, 1796 Advice to
country (only served 2 terms)
– Beware of partisanship (political
party infighting
– Observe good faith in government
– Avoid international alliances
– Support public credit/finances
Adams Administration
1796-1800
Foreign Policy
Domestic
Alien and Sedition
Acts, 1798
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Virginia and
Kentucky
Resolutions, 1798
Judiciary Act 1801
“Midnight Judges”
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XYZ Affair, 1797
Quasi War 1798
Barbary Pirates
Adams Administration
1796-1800
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XYZ Affair, 1797Problems with French, during the French
Revolution, French Navy was seizing
American ships
French Ministers- “XY and Z” asked for
bribes in relation to receiving American
Ambassadors
Adams informed Congress
Quasi War 1798
Hostility on part of US toward French not
quite a war.
Congress, Boycott of French trade followed
Support for Navy increases in Congress
Later American-Franco relations improve
Adams and limits Aliens and First
Amendment Rights(really about political infighting)
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Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
Alien Act- limited immigration and
provided for deportation of immigrants
– Aimed at French immigrants, who
supported the Republicans
– Never deported people
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Caused the Republicans to attack the
law
Adams and Sedition
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Adams and Federalist push for laws regarding
libel and sedition
Partisan=political party
People who opposed measures of the
government – Print, wrote, spoke, or
False or scandalous/malicious writings could be
prosecuted.
Criticism of Government could be punished
Some Republican publishers are arrested.
Virginia/Kentucky
Resolutions
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Republicans response from Madison and Jeffersonsponsor attacks on the Alien/Sedition Acts
Resolutions from the state legislatures of Kentucky
and Virginia
Said the Alien/Sedition laws were unconstitutional
Resolutions were meant to attack Federalists abuse
of power
Represent the concept that states have the right to
make NULL (consider VOID) acts if Congress that
the states consider unconstitutional= Nullification
Adams and the Barbary Pirates
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Barbary Pirates- 1794- Algeria
Pirates seize American ships, cause
Congress to support development of
Navy
• Navy
Appropriations
Election 1800
Election of 1800
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Adams Vs. Jefferson
Hamilton splits the Federalist votes by
advocating for PinckneyTwo leading candidates: Jefferson and Burr each
had- 73 votes
Election was decided by the House of Reps- see
Constitution Article II section 1
Hamilton persuades reps to vote for Jefferson
Jefferson is the Third President of the United
States
Quiz
10 things
Federalist Agenda
Democrat Republican
Agenda
Southern
Cotton
Economy
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Eli Whitney- invented the
Cotton Gin- made production
of cotton easier and
increased production
Led to the expansion of
cotton industry in the south
Textile industry will develop
in the North