Transcript U.S. History Chapter 19

U.S. History
Chapter 19
Lecture Notes
Trouble had been brewing
for a long time
• 1. Long-term cause for World War I, an intense
devotion to the interests and culture of one’s own
nation or ethnicity.
• Nationalism
• 2. Long-term cause for World War I, a policy of
stronger nations exerting their political, economic,
and military strength to dominate weaker nations.
• Imperialism
• 3. Long-term cause for World War I, a build up of
military forces.
• Militarism
• 4. Long-term cause for World War I, many of the
world’s powers had become involved in _____
alliances.
• Entangling Alliances
The Good Guys vs. The
Bad Guys
• 5. Germany, Italy, Austria,
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
• The Central Powers
• 6. Great Britain, France, Russia,
United States
• The Allies
The “spark” that set off
the Balkan Powder Keg
• 7. This man’s assassination
became the spark that set off
World War I in 1914.
• The Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to
the throne of Austria-Hungary
New Weapons make WWI a
Defensive War
• 11. Germany’s weapon of choice for attacking Allied
convoys crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
• The U-Boat (Submarine)
• 8.
Term describing the type of warfare practiced during
World War I. Caused the conflict to break down into
a
stalemate with no clear winner or loser.
• Trench Warfare
• 9.
Describes the territory between the trenches filled
with barbed wire, under almost constant fire, filled with
death and destruction
• “No Man’s Land”
• New Weapons like the Airplane, Tank, Machine Gun, and
Chemical Weapons turned World War I into a “bloodbath”.
“I see nothing, I hear
nothing, I know nothing”
• 10.
America’s foreign policy
related to World War I until
1917.
• Neutrality
• 15.
Woodrow Wilson’s
campaign slogan in 1916 –
reflective of America’s devotion
to neutrality.
• “He kept us out of war”
American Neutrality
Waivers
• 12. British passenger ship sunk by a German UBoat in 1915, killed 128 Americans, nearly caused
the U.S. to enter World War I.
• The Lusitania
• 13. German promise to surface their U-Boats
before firing on civilian ships, effort to keep the
U.S. out of the war for at least one more year.
• The Sussex Pledge
• 14. Long-term cause for American entry into World
War I, German policy of sinking all Allied shipping –
military or civilian.
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
• 16. Telegram sent from Germany’s Ambassador to
the U.S.
to the government of Mexico. Asked
Mexico to invade the U.S. in exchange for the
return of the Mexican Cession. Prompted a
Declaration of War by the United States against
Germany.
• The Zimmerman Telegram (Note)
America gets involved
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17. Act of Congress that established a Draft prior to
World War I.
• The Selective Service Act
18. Allied counterpunch to the German U-Boat, it
featured use of large groupings of supply ships escorted
by new anti-submarine warships called Destroyers.
• The Convoy System
19. Commander of the American Expeditionary Force in
Europe.
• General John J. (“Black Jack”) Pershing
22. Headed by Bernard Baruch, responsible for acquiring
the necessary materials for the military to wage war in
Europe.
• The War Industries Board
• 23. Commission designed to prevent work stoppages by
settling disputes between labor and management in the
various war industries.
•
• National War Labor Board
24. Headed by Herbert Hoover, it was responsible for
securing the food necessary to feed the AEF.
• The Food Administration
Getting the Public behind
the War Effort
• 25.Encouraged by Herbert Hoover as
a means to ration food.
• “Victory Gardens”
• 26.Political advertising used by the
British to encourage the American
public to support a Declaration of
War and American entry into World
War I.
• Propaganda
• 27.Headed by George Creel, purpose
was to drum up support for American
involvement in World War I.
• Committee on Public Information
Constitutional issues faced
during the war
• 28.
Acts of Congress aimed
at preventing and deterring any
acts of spying, sabotage, or
damaging the war effort
through public criticism.
• Espionage and Sedition Acts
• 29.
Supreme Court decision
that upheld that freedom of
speech could be limited in time
of war.
• Schenck v. United States
The United States Army
gets in the fight.
• 20.
“Turning Point” of World
War I in Europe.
• Battle of the Marne River
• 21.
World War I Battle that
featured significant American
involvement as an independent
fighting force.
• Meuse-Argonne Offensive
Woodrow Wilson tries to
guide the Peace Process
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31.President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace after World War I,
it featured boundary changes, arms reductions, and formation of
a League of Nations to provide collective security.
Fourteen Points for Peace
•
League of Nations (U.S. never joined it)
•
Treaty of Versailles (U.S. never signed it)
•
Reparations
•
War Guilt Clause
32.International organization created after World War I designed
to prevent acts of aggression through collective security.
Ultimately failed because of a lack of enforcement power.
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34.
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35.
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36.
Treaty that officially ended World War I.
War damages that Germany was forced to pay Great Britain
and France. Contributed to a terrible economic
depression in that country.
Part of the Treaty of Versailles that forced Germany to take
the blame for starting World War I.
America closes its
windows and locks its
doors
• 37. Group of Congressmen that refused to
support American involvement in the
League of Nations.
• The Irreconcilables
• 38. Led a Group of Congressmen that
would support American involvement in the
League of Nations if certain reservations
were agreed to.
• Henry Cabot Lodge
• 39. Foreign policy favored by most
Americans, especially Congress, during the
1920’s.
• Isolationism
The Soviet Union threatens
to spread worldwide
revolution
• 33The Bolshevik Revolution in
Russia established a _____
government in that country and
resulted in Russia’s withdrawal
from World War I.
• The Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution
African Americans move
north to find work and
escape segregation
• 30. Mass movement of African
Americans from the rural
South to the urban North
during the 1920’s.
• The Great Migration