Transcript The Early United States

The Early United States
Unit 3
SSUSH 6
SSUSH 6 – The student will analyze the nature of
territorial and population growth and the impact of
this growth in the early decades of the new nation.
• Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s
importance in the westward migration of
Americans, and on slavery, public
education, and the addition of new states.
• Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in
obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from
France and the territory’s exploration by
Lewis and Clark.
SSUSH 6 – The student will analyze the nature of
territorial and population growth and the impact of
this growth in the early decades of the new nation.
• Explain the major reasons for the war of
1812 and the war’s significance on the
development of a national identity.
• Describe the construction of the Erie
Canal, the rise of New York City, and the
development of the nation’s infrastructure.
• Describe the reasons for and importance
of the Monroe Doctrine.
The Northwest Ordinance
• After the French and Indian War, Britain
took possession of the Northwest Territory
(area north of the Ohio River and east of
the Mississippi
• Following the American revolution, the
Continental Congress passed the
Northwest Ordinance in 1787.
• It divided the area into smaller territories
and provided guidelines for new states
SSUSH 6a
SSUSH 6a
The Northwest Ordinance
• The law resulted in the formation of five
states: Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and
Wisconsin.
• The Ordinance made slavery illegal in the
new territories (unless settlers already had
slaves)
• Many free blacks moved north of the Ohio
River but were meet with discrimination
SSUSH 6a
Northwest Ordinance
• When a territory reached 60,000 people, it
could apply for statehood.
• East coast states had to relinquish their
claim to this territory.
• Although not enforce, Indians were not to
be removed from their lands – American
troops defeated them later to allow more
settlers.
SSUSH 6a
Expansion and Education
• Acquisition of the Northwest territory
impacted education.
• Leaders wanted to make sure that the
country maintained a sense of unity and
“national values” (patriotism)
• They used public education as a tool to
encourage these principles.
• Many new state constitutions required
public education.
SSUSH 6a
Noah Webster
•Key leader in the educational
movement.
•Compiled the first US
dictionary that included words
and spellings distinct to the
US rather than British
versions.
•Played a major role in forging
a national language and
helped to unify the educational
standards of the day. SSUSH 6a
The Louisiana Territory
• Thomas Jefferson wanted to secure the
United States trading on the Mississippi
River.
• He sent representatives to France to
negotiate to purchase the city of New
Orleans.
• Napoleon was not interested because he
wanted to revive the French colonial
empire.
SSUSH 6b
The Louisiana Territory
• Slaves in the French colony of Haiti
revolted and the British resumed its war
with France – Napoleon needed cash.
• He offered to sell the entire Louisiana
Region for $15 million dollars (3 cents per
acre)
• Jefferson believed that the people should
have access to land and the potential new
resources – he accepted the offer.
SSUSH 6b
The Louisiana Purchase 1803
SSUSH 6b
The Louisiana Purchase
• The largest land purchase, roughly
doubling the size of the United States –
828,000 square miles
• It marked a turning point for the new
nation economically as it began to pursue
prosperity within its own borders rather
that from foreign trade.
SSUSH 6b
Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Even before the Louisiana
Purchase was complete,
Jefferson had appointed his
personal secretary, Meriwether
Lewis, to find a water route to
the Pacific Ocean.
• Congress appropriated $2,500
• Lewis choose William Clark to
help him lead the expedition.
• They left in May 1804 from St.
Louis
SSUSH 6b
Lewis and Clark Expedition
SSUSH 6b
Lewis and Clark Expedition
• They reached the Pacific Northwest coast
by November 1805.
• They returned to St. Louis in September of
1806 with valuable information about the
territory.
• This led to rapid migration to the Pacific
Northwest along the Oregon Trial from
Missouri.
SSUSH 6b
Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Lewis and Clark came to
employ a French-speaking,
part-Indian fur trapper
named Toussaint
Charbonneau, whose young
Shoshone Indian wife,
Sacagawea, (pronounced
Sa-ka-ga-wea)
SSUSH 6b
National Identity
SSUSH 6c
The War of 1812
• U.S. settlers felt threatened by the British presence
in Canada and the apparent alliance between them
and the Indians.
•The British navy’s policy of impressing U.S. seaman
(taking them captive and forcing them to serve on
British ships)
•The United States declared war of Great Britain in
June of 1812.
SSUSH 6c
War of 1812
• American hoped to gain territory in
Canada and in Spanish Florida (GB ally)
• British attacked and burned Washington
D.C.
• America recovered at the Battle of Fort
McHenry (near Baltimore)
• Frances Scott Key wrote the Star
Spangled Banner while being held captive
by the British.
SSUSH 6c
Treaty of Ghent
• Restored original
borders
• Returned
relationship to the
status quo ante
bellum.
• Signed December
24, 1814
SSUSH 6c
Battle of New Orleans
• took place on January 8, 1815, and was the final
major battle of the War of 1812.
• American forces under General Andrew Jackson
defeated an invading British army intent on
seizing New Orleans and America's western
lands.
• The Treaty of Ghent had been signed on
December 24, 1814, but news of the peace
would not reach New Orleans until February.
SSUSH 6c
War of 1812
• War was a draw – nobody won or lost
• It showed that the United States could
defend itself and assert its interests in
North American against a foreign power.
• Due to it opposition to the war, the
Federalist party lost its credibility and
faded from importance in national politics.
SSUSH 6c
A National Identity
• The War of 1812 helped to produce a
stronger sense of national identity among
U.S. citizens.
• People felt a great deal of pride in
standing up to the British, again!
• American trade declined during the war,
but manufacturing and agriculture
improved and grew prosperous.
SSUSH 6c
A National Identity
• Northern manufacturers sold more
products to other regions of the country.
• Southern plantation economy exploded as
the nation’s only supplier of cotton.
• By the time the war ended, U.S. citizens
had a new sense of national pride and
manufacturers and planters had
established themselves as players in
domestic and international trade.
SSUSH 6c
New York City
• New York City benefitted from the changes
during the War of 1812
• By 1814, Textile mills were common in the
city; this helped to make NYC a key
economic center of the country.
• New York City’s port made it a major
center for shipping and trade, as well as,
the arrival point for immigrants
SSUSH 6d
The Erie Canal
• New York also prospered from the
completion of the Erie Canal in 1825
• The canal provided a new shipping route
from Lake Erie to the Hudson River
• 363 miles long; 40 feet wide; 4 feet deep
• Began in 1817; completed in 1825
• Allowed people to travel cheaper
• Made NYC the dominant commercial
center by expanding its markets.
SSUSH 6d
The Erie Canal
SSUSH 6d
Robert Fulton
• Developed the first
successful commercial
steam ship.
• Greatly increased the
efficiency of travel; one
could now travel
upstream
SSUSH 6d
The American System
• Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky proposed
a plan to improve the nation’s economy
and infrastructure.
• An infrastructure is what provides the
framework and connections holding
something together.
• This included things like roads, rail lines,
canals, etc.
SSUSH 6d
Clay’s American System
• Called for protective tariffs (a tax on imports) to
help U.S. manufacturers.
• Internal improvements: such as canals and
roadways funded by the tariff revenue
• A Second National Bank in order to make
interstate commerce easier and stabilize the
nation’s currency.
• Clay hoped that his plan would strengthen the
US and unite the different regions of US
SSUSH 6d
Era of Good Feelings
• With the end of the War of 1812 and the
demise of the Federalist party, the U.S.
entered a period known as the Era of
Good Feelings.
• This was a time of national pride and
political unity.
• This was during the president of James
Monroe
SSUSH 6e
Monroe Doctrine
• Issued in 1823
• The United States would not tolerate
European intervention in the affairs of any
independent nation in the Americas, nor
were the American continents open to
European colonization any longer.
• The United States would view any attempt
to colonize as aggression
SSUSH 6e