Transcript JMN - cheeseybulb01

James Monroe
Kevin Dinicola
Period 5
Thesis
• James Monroe contributed to the
development of the United States
– Diplomatically by: Establishing important
foreign policies such as the Monroe Doctrine
and the Adams-Onís Treaty
– Politically by: Ushering in the “Era of Good
Feelings” and enacting domestic policy
regarding sectionalism
– Economically by: Managing the ensuing
depression and the “American System”
Background of
James Monroe (1758-1831)
• Continued the
“Virginia Dynasty”
• Served as a minister
to France
• Was involved in the
purchasing of the
Louisiana Terr.
• Not a distinguished
president
• Served two terms
The American Pageant p. 242
Foreign Relations and Policies
DIPLOMATIC ISSUES
Adams-Onís Treaty - 1819
• Also Florida Purchase Treaty
• Spain’s troops were crushing revolutions
in South America
• Andrew Jackson acquired permission to
enter Florida to punish Indians & Slaves
using Florida as a refuge
• Spanish ports seized
Adams-Onís Treaty - 1819
Cont.
• Monroe and Cabinet were dismayed by
Jackson’s actions
• Decided to use this opportunity to gain
Spanish Florida (and some areas of land
in Oregon)
• United States paid $5,000,000 in
American claims against the Spanish
Cession of Florida
http://medicolegal.tripod.com/mapus1803.jpg
Monroe Doctrine - 1823
• British offer alliance to U.S. to stop future
colonization of the Americas
– U.S. refused this offered alliance
• Monroe issued warning to European
powers: Noncolonization and
nonintervention
• Concerned with developing regions in
Latin America
• Didn’t want foreign monarchial
governments in the Americas
Monroe Doctrine - 1823
Cont.
• European powers were angered at
Monroe’s Doctrine
– Held to Monroe Doctrine anyways
• Mainly for defense against future
invasion of U.S.
– Protection for new Latin American was
secondary concern
• Seldom invoked
Political Parties and the Slavery Question
POLITICAL ISSUES
The “Era of Good Feelings”
• Reflected the Democratic-Republican
party’s gain of control
• James Monroe won election in landslide
against federalists
• Applies to the administrations of Monroe
• Was abruptly interrupted
– Panic of 1819
Problems with Sectionalism
• North and South divided by slavery
– Equal free and slave states, equal power in
Senate
• Missouri wanted to enter the Union as
slave state
– Imbalance of power would be created
• Restrictions on Missouri slave trade
could be placed to maintain a balance
• Resolved by Missouri Compromise
Missouri Compromise
• Missouri entered Union as an
unrestricted slave state
• Maine entered as free state
• Mason-Dixon line divided the North and
South for future free and slave states,
respectively
• James Monroe himself tried to avoid
debating this issue with Congress
North vs. South
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/mason-dixon-map-650.jpg
Economic Crisis and Development
ECONOMIC ISSUES
Panic of 1819
• Interrupted Monroe’s “Era of Good
Feelings”
• First American economic depression
• Among other things, was caused by over
speculation of the unsettled land to the
west
• Lasted only a few years. A temporary
setback
– Remedied by proper legislation and creation
of new states
The “American System”
• Proposed by Henry Clay
• Government should fund the construction
of interstate roads & canals and increase
tariffs on imported goods to protect
American business
• Monroe disliked the American system
– Didn’t believe Congress had power to do this
The “American System”
Cont.
• Monroe disagreed with first part of Clay’s
System
– Voted bills passed by Congress
• Monroe agreed part of the “American
System”
– Tariffs passed in 1818 and 1824 on imported
goods to protected budding businesses and
manufacturers in America