Transcript Winning the War

Winning the War
Chapter 4
Section 4
MATCHING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Burgoyne
Cornwallis
Howe
John Jay
Arnold
A. Defeated at
Yorktown
B. Commander of all
British forces
C. Negotiated Treaty of
Paris
D. Defeated at Saratoga
E. Led American forces
in Canada campaign
Yarr!!
Piracy and the Revolution
With no real navy, the Congress enlists the aid of privateers
to raid British shipping.
+ provides gold and captured goods for the cause
- graft and corruption, i.e. Benedict Arnold
John Paul Jones commands a small fleet of enterprising
ships. (French and Spanish navies do most of the
fighting.)
A Marriage of Convenience
Democratic America & Aristocratic France
(Ben Franklin plays matchmaker)
Alliance between France and Americans, 1778
TIPPING POINT: Balance of Power is against GB
Howe must retreat to NY and w/d from Philly.
France menaces British lines of supply.
Lafayette at Yorktown by Jean-Baptiste Le Paon, 1783
Lafayette at Yorktown by JeanBaptiste Le Paon, 1783
The brilliant young French general
appears here with his African-American
aide, a Virginia slave named James.
Among other services to Lafayette,
James spied on Cornwallis before the
latter's surrender. (Art Gallery, Williams
Center, Lafayette College )
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Compare and Contrast the Fighting in the North, the
South and the West during the RevolutionaryWar
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST
Map: Campaign of 1777
Campaign of 1777
The crucial campaign of 1777 was fought on two fronts: along the upper Hudson and Mohawk River valleys, and in the
vicinity of Philadelphia. The rebels won in the north; the British triumphed--at least nominally--in the south. The capture of
Philadelphia, however, did the redcoats little good, and they abandoned the city the following year.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Map: The Second Southern Campaign, 1778-1781
The Second Southern Campaign, 1778-1781
This map of the second attempt by Britain to crush the rebellion in the South shows the many battles waged in the Lower
South before Cornwallis's encampment at Yorktown and his surrender there. This decisive southern campaign involved all
the military resources of the combatants, including British, loyalist, French, and American ground forces and British and
French naval fleets.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Battle of Guilford Courthouse
• What did Marylanders do at the Battle of
Guilford Courthouse?
• http://uncpress.unc.edu/pdfs/samplechapters
/9780807832660_Babits_Long_Intro.pdf
See page 2 with map
• http://statelibrary.ncdcr.gov/nc/ncsites/gree
nsbo/guilf2.htm
Control “F” Maryland
Map: The War in the South
The War in the South: British forces, led by Cornwallis, try to use Loyalist support in
South to capture the South. Georgia falls in 1778-1779, South Carolina falls in 1780.
Battles at King’s Mountain and Cowpens turn tide to Americans favor. Nathanael
Greene commands Americans in a hit and run, guerrilla campaign.
Battle of Yorktown, Oct. 17, 1781
http://www.britishbattles.com/images/yorktown/map-l.jpg
Surrender of the British at Yorktown
Surrender of the British at Yorktown, October 19, 1781.
French naval power combined with American military savvy to produce the decisive
defeat of the British. French provide all of the naval power and half of the troops
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
(Library of Congress)
• Joseph Brant leads the Mohawks and others to
help the British attack colonists on the frontier.
Why?
• George Rogers Clark leads colonial forces to
seize key forts, cutting British supplies and
communications to the interior.
• Tribes allied with the British are forced to sign the
Treaty of Ft. Stanwix, ceding lands to the new US.
http://www.statelib.lib.in.us/WWW/IHB/resources/grcbio.html
http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/1998/brant.html
War in the old Northwest
Map: The War in the West, 1776-1782
The War in the West, 1776-1782
Carolina militiamen drove attacking Cherokees far back into the Appalachians in 1776. George Roger Clark's
victory at Vincennes in 1779 gave the United States effective control of the Ohio valley. In retaliation for
their raids on New York and Pennsylvania, John Sullivan inflicted widespread starvation on the Iroquois by
burning their villages and winter food supplies in 1779. Peace negotiated with Treaty of St. Stanwix,
Indians cede most of their lands.
Map: Cession of Tribal Lands, 1775-1790
Cession of Tribal Lands, 1775-1790
The land claims of the United States meant little as long as Indian nations still controlled vast territories within the new
country's formal boundaries. A series of treaties in the 1780s and 1790s opened some lands to white settlement.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Peace at Paris
Treaty of Paris of 1783:
• Recognized the independence of the United States
• Recognized Florida, Mississippi and Old North
West (Ohio, etc.) as part of U.S.
• Negotiated by Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay,
and Whigs (Tories, Lord North, and George III out)
• Americans make a separate peace with England,
frustrating French and Spanish imperial ambitions
Egalitarianism
Identify whether the new spirit of egalitarianism changed
various social groups in the new United States, and if so, how.
(use p. 116)
AFRICAN AMERICANS:
WOMEN:
NATIVE AMERICANS: