Transcript The Roots of the Cold War Communism

The Roots of the Cold War
• Communism-Economic and political
system in which the state owns the means of
production and a single party rules
1. No real “wealthy” people
2. State/country controls everything business
related
3. No free enterprise system
4. 1 ruler that can easily turn into a dictatorship
Roots of the Cold
War…Continued
• Democracy-Government by the people,
exercised either directly or through elected
representatives and using those people as
the primary source of political power.
1. Citizens elect representatives to serve in
government
2. Free enterprise system
3. Multiparty free elections
The Cold War in Europe
Communist Nations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Romania
Soviet Union
Non-Communist Nations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Belgium
Denmark
France
Great Britain
Greece
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Turkey
West Germany
United States (non-European)
Berlin, the capital of Germany, was divided into four different zones in 1948.
Stalin made East Germany Communist controlled. The Allied powers of France,
Great Britain and the United States airlifted (sending cargo planes to delivered
tons of supplies to the people) until May of 1949. This period of time was
known in the West as the Berlin Airlift. For more than 10 months, over 2.5
million tons of supplies were delivered to help save Berlin.
The NATO Nations vs. The NATO vs. The
Warsaw Pact
In April 1949, the United States and other Western nations
established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In
retaliation, the Soviet Union and other Eastern European
nations formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955.
In May of 1949, the
Soviet Union side of
Germany became one
country called the
German Democratic
Republic (East
Germany).
In October of 1949,
France, Great Britain and
the United States
combined their Zones
into one country called,
The Federal Republic of
Germany (West
Germany).
In August of 1961,
East Germany
began building a
wall that would
divide Berlin into
East and West
Berlin. This wall,
later known as
the Berlin
Wall, would
stand dividing
this city for over
28 years.
East Against West
• FaCts about the “Iron Curtain”
1. Political differences divided the Soviet (Communist)
controlled countries of Eastern Europe from those of
Western Europe
2. Differences caused an Iron Curtain (not an actual
curtain) that split Europe into 2 different parts.
3. People living in the Eastern part could not travel outside
of their country.
4. Westerners who wanted to visited the Eastern part also
faced restriction.
What kind of curtains are we talking about? The curtain that we refer to in history is
the “Iron Curtain” that was not an actual curtain. Instead, it was a political barrier
that isolated Eastern Europe from Western Europe after World War 2.
the Cold War…and the rest oF
Europe
• The daily lives of citizens of the Soviet Union
and Eastern European countries was difficult.
1. Many people had little, if anything to say, in
their governments
2. Soviet leaders tried to create a strong
national identity
3. In Latvia, a Communist take-over, people
were to think of themselves as “Soviets”
and not as “Latvians”
The Soviet Union and TOTAL Control
Soviet Control of Daily Life
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Soviet Union outlawed many
celebrations
Destroyed churches and religious
buildings
Religious leaders were killed
Other ethnic group members
were not allowed to speak their
native languages
Government controlled
communications media
(newspapers, books and radio)
Control of Literature and Arts
1.
2.
3.
4.
Writers, poets and other artists
work was banned or censored
Artists forced to join government
run unions
Unions told artists what to create
If artists refused or disobeyed,
they were jailed or killed.
The Cold War Continues in
Eastern Asia
• Underlying reason for the Korean War: It remained
a continuing saga in the ongoing Cold War
between the United States and the Soviet Union
• The Surface reason for the Korean War: It seemed
to be a war between North Korea and South Korea
• The Real reason for the Korean War: The United
States and the Soviet Union were using the war as a
front to combat each other without actually going
to war with each other
The Korean War-Reason #1
(The U.S. Perspective)
• The “Domino Theory” (The Communists were
coming to power not only in Eastern Europe but
also in the far East)
• China became Communist in 1949
• President Harry Truman believed that if one country
fell to Communism then another country would
follow like a line of “dominoes”
The Korean War-Reason #2
(The U.S. PERSPECTIVE)
• Undermining Communism
•
•
•
Capitalism and Freedom were in jeopardy of
being overrun by Communism
Truman Doctrine-containing Communism by
keeping the Soviet Union from gaining more territory
President Truman wanted to drive the
Communists out of North Korea
The Korean War-Reason #3
(Still the U.S. PERSPECTIVE)
• The United States was in a competition for world
domination with the Soviet Union
• While “helping” South Korea, the United States
was able to fight off Communism without
directly attacking Russia
The Korean War-What the
Soviet Union Thought
• The Soviet Union went to war mainly because
of the Cold War with the United States
1. Stalin wanted to see Communism expand as long as
he did not have to “fight” the United States
2. Kim Sung II convinced Stalin that he could defeat
South Korea in 1949
3. Stalin agreed because he did not
think the United States would
get involved.
4. China, under Mao Tse Tung,
also supported the cause
the Cold War Continues…again in
Southeast Asia
• Vietnam was at one time controlled by the
French
• Vietnamese people were able to organize
against the French
• Feelings for freedom were high in the north
under the guidance of Ho Chi Minh
dividing vietnam…again in
1954
North Vietnam
(Communist)
South Vietnam (U.S.
Supported)
• Ho Chi Minh became the
leader for Vietnam’s
independence movement
• Received support from the
Soviet Union and
Communist controlled China
• Vietminh looked for ways to
overthrow the South
• Sent money to the French for
fear of Communism
spreading to the rest of the
world
• Eventually provided military
support
• Began bombing North
Vietnam in 1965