Transcript Land&Indian Removal for Frayer

Land Fever!!!!
Headright System
• Late 1700’s to early 1800’s
• Indian Lands east of the Oconee
River were given away to settlers.
• Only white males
• Up to 1000 acres
• System replaced by Land Lottery
Land Fever!!!!
Land Lottery
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Public lands were given away
West of the Oconee River
Settlers paid a small fee for a chance at land
White males 21or older
30 million acres given away
Land Fever!!!!
Yazoo Land Fraud
• Yazoo Land was west of Chattahoochee all
the way to the Mississippi River.
• Land companies bribed the Governor to sell
them the land for about 1 penny per acre.
• People found out and protested
• They voted out corrupt legislators
• Records of the land sales were burned
But whose land was it?
SS8H5d
Analyze the events that led to the removal of
Creeks and Cherokees; include the roles of
Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh,
Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush,
Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John
Marshall, and the Trail of Tears.
Concepts:
Individuals – Groups – Institutions
Rule of Law
Movement / Migration
Frayer
US Government
Creeks
McGillivray
Pres. Andrew Jackson
McIntosh
Chief Justice John Marshall
Worcester vs. Georgia
Cherokee
Factors that
Led to the
Trail of Tears
Sequoyah
Georgia Settlers
Ross
Dahlonega
Georgia
What role did Alexander McGillivray and
William McIntosh play in the removal of
Creek Indians in Georgia?
William McIntosh
Alexander McGillivray
Protected Creek lands
from white settlers
Attacked white settlers
during Oconee War.
Signed 1790 Treaty of
New York. US gov’t
promised to protect
Creek lands west of
Oconee River.
Creeks leave lands east
of Oconee River, leads
to Headright land
distribution
Both were
bi-racial
Creek
Indian
Chiefs
with a
European
descent
father and
Creek
mother
Supported Georgia and
US gov’t to gain land
from Creeks
Profited from treaties by
gaining land for himself
Signed the 1825 Treaty
of Indian Springs – gave
up all of Creek lands
without permission of
other Creek Chiefs.
Was killed by Creek
Indians for betraying the
Creek Nation
What role did Alexander McGillivray and
William McIntosh play in the removal of
Creek Indians in Georgia?
Alexander McGillivray
William McIntosh
1790’s
1825
Signed a Treaty with the
US.
Signed a Treaty gave up
all of Creek lands without
permission of other Creek
Chiefs.
US got a lot of land in
return for promising to let
them keep the rest of their
land.
Creeks signed treaties with the US
that the US did not honor. The two
sides fought and the Creek lost.
McIntosh sold the last of the land
and the Creek were moved off of
the land.
Got rich from treaty.
Was killed by Creek
Indians for betraying the
Creek Nation
In 1825 cousins William McIntosh, a Creek leader, and George Troup, the
governor of Georgia, signed the Treaty of Indian Springs, which authorized
the sale of Creek lands in the state to the federal government. McIntosh was
murdered shortly thereafter by angry members of the Creek Nation.
What role did Sequoyah and John Ross play
in the history of Cherokees in Georgia?
SEQUOYAH
• Created the
Cherokee syllabary
(1st Native American
written language)
• Cherokees tried to
live more like whites
to be accepted
• His syllabary helped
create the Cherokee
Phoenix newspaper
JOHN ROSS
• 1828 - Chief of
Cherokees
• Modeled the Cherokee
Nation government
after the US
government
• Tried to protect
Cherokee lands
• Protested Georgia’s
land lottery and Indian
Removal Act
• Survived the Trail of
Tears
What role did Sequoyah and John Ross play
in the history of Cherokees in Georgia?
John Ross
Sequoyah
Created a syllabary that quickly taught
the Cherokee how to read.
Published Phoenix newspaper.
1828
Chief of the Cherokee
Copied US governmenthoped that would make
US happy and see them
as “civilized”. Then they
would leave them alone.
Protested land losses.
The Cherokee lost any chance
of keeping their land when
GOLD was discovered in
Dahlonega
Survived the Trail of Tears
(wife died).
DAHLONEGA GOLD RUSH
• 1829- Gold found on
Cherokee in Dahlonega,
Ga.
• The Georgia Legislature
acted to take away almost
all rights from the Indians.
DAHLONEGA GOLD RUSH
1829 – Gold found on Cherokee land.
• Thousands of white prospectors
flooded into Indian lands.
Gold Mined
in Dahlonega
Gold Rush Days- Dahlonega
3rd Weekend in October every year
ANDREW JACKSON
President Andrew Jackson wanted to
remove the Indians to new lands out
west.
Sided with the settlers and gold
prospectors
WORCESTER V. GEORGIA
Samuel Worcester, a missionary, was convicted of
refusing to leave Indian lands when told to do so
by the state of Georgia.
The Supreme Court sided with Worcester, saying
Georgia did not have the right to control who was
on Cherokee lands.
Andrew Jackson went against the Constitution and
refused to enforce the ruling.
JOHN MARSHALL
Chief Justice of the United States
Supreme Court. He ruled in favor of
Sam Worcester in the court case titled
Worcester v. Georgia.
“The Supreme Court ruled that the
Cherokee nation was a "distinct
community" with self-government "in
which the laws of Georgia can have
no force," establishing the doctrine
that the national government of the
United States, and not individual
states, had authority in Indian affairs.”
–wikipedia
Jackson vs. Marshall
Worcester vs. Georgia-who controlled the land?
The Indians or Georgia?
Chief Justice John Marshall- Supreme Court said
the Indians were their own nation and owned the
land. Jackson would not enforce the court’s
decision.
Jackson vs. Marshall
In 1830, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act
that called for Indians to be moved to western
territories.
The removal was called the Trail of Tears.
.
CHEROKEE TRAIL OF TEARS
• After the signing of the Treaty of New
Echota, the Trail of Tears was the
relocation and movement of Native
Americans, including many members of the
Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, and Choctaw
nations among others in the United States,
from their homelands to Indian Territory
(present day Oklahoma) in the Western
United States. Many Native Americans
suffered from exposure, disease, and
starvation while en route to their
destinations, and many died, including
4,000 of the 15,000 relocated Cherokee.
-wikipedia
WHAT DO YOU THINK THE COLOR PURPLE REPRESENTS ON THE MAP?
IF YOU SAID THE LOCATION OF INDIAN
RESERVATIONS THEN YOU ARE CORRECT.