Transcript Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia

Western Powers Rule
Southeast Asia
By,
Ethan, Kelsi, Mike, Joe, Lauren
Setting the Stage
Happened while European powers were
trying to divide Africa
 Pacific rim- the countries that border the
Pacific Ocean
 Western nations desired pacific rims
because they are along the sea route to
China
 Westerners recognized value of Pacific
colonies as sources of tropical
agriculture, minerals and oil
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Western Rivalries for
Pacific Rim Lands
Early 19th century, Dutch East India
Company established control over most
of the 3,000 mile long chain of
Indonesian islands
 British established a major trading port
at Singapore
 French took over Indochina on the
Southeast Asian mainland
 Germans claimed New Guinea and the
Marshall and Soloman islands
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Plantation Products Spur
Competition
Lands in Southeast Asia were
perfect for plantation agriculture
 Major focus was on sugar cane,
coffee, coca, rubber, coconuts,
bananas and pineapple
 European powers raced to claim
each others lands
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Dutch Expand Control
(part 1)
Dutch East India company,
chartered in 1602, actively sought
lands in Southeast Asia
 It seized Melaka from the
Portuguese and caught the British
and Javanese for control of Java
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Dutch Expand Control
(part 2)
Discovery of oil and tin on the islands
and the desire for more rubber
plantations prompted the Dutch to
gradually expand their control over
Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas,
Bali
 Then the company ruled the whole island
chain of Indonesia, then called the Dutch
East Indies
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Dutch Expand Control
(part 3)
Management of plantations and trade brought a
large Dutch population to the islands
 Dutch thought of Indonesia as their home
 Created a rigid social class system
 Dutch were on top
 Wealthy and educated Indonesians came next
 Plantation workers resided at the bottom
 Dutch forced farmers to plant one fifth of their
land in specified export crops

British Take the Malayan
Peninsula (part 1)
British were trying to compete with
Dutch, they sought a trading base that is
a stop for all ships traveling India-China
sea routes
 Location- a sheltered harbor on
Singapore
 Opening of Suez Canal and increased
demand for tin and rubber made
Singapore one of worlds busiest ports
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British Take the Malayan
Peninsula (part 2)
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Britain gained colonies in Malaysia and in
Burma(modern Myanmar)
Malaysia has a large deposits of tin and became
worlds leading rubber exporter
Upper Burma provided teak
Central Burma exported oil
Britain encouraged Chinese to immigrate to
Malaysia so they could mine tin and tap the rubber
trees
Because of immigration the Malays became a
minority in their own country
Conflict between Chinese and Malays still remains
French Control Indochina
French added Laos, Cambodia and
northern Vietnam to territories
 All new French territories became
the French Indochina
 Rice became major export crop
 Four times as much land was
devoted to rice production
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Colonial Impact
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Economies grew based on cash crops or goods such
as tin and rubber
Could be sold on world market
Roads, harbors and rail systems linked areas and
improved communication and transportation
Education, health and sanitation improved
People migrated to work on plantations and in mines
Changed cultural and racial makeup of area
Became melting pot of Hindus, Muslims, Christians
and Buddhists
Led to racial and religious clashes that are still seen
today
Siam Maintains
Independence
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Siam(present day Thailand) maintained its
independence throughout the colonial period
Became neutral zone between Britain and France
King Mongkut- leader of Siam(modernized Siam) has
a son Chulalongkorn
King Chulalongkorn showed his understanding of
the importance of progress
Started schools, reformed legal system and
reorganized the government
Government built its own railroads, telegraph
systems and ended slavery
People escaped the social turmoil, racist treatment
and economic exploitation
United States Acquires
Pacific Islands
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In the 1898 the United States began
to acquire territory and establish
trading posts in the pacific
The Philippines change
heads (part 1)
The United States acquires the Philippine
Islands, Puerto Rico, and Guam as a
result of the Spanish-American war in
1898
 President McKinley’s idea was to educate
Filipinos and uplift and Christianize
them
 Emilio Aguinaldo- leader of the Filipino
nationalists
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The Philippines change
heads (part 2)
Nationalists declared independence and
established the Philippine republic
 United States defeated Filipino
nationalists in 1902
 United States built them roads,
railroads, hospitals and set up school
systems
 Businessmen encouraged growing cash
crops such as sugar at the expense of
basic food crops
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Hawaii Becomes a Republic
(part 1)
United States interest began in 1790’s
when Hawaii was a port on the way to
China and East India
 1820’s sugar trade began to change
economy
 Established sugar-cane plantations and
became very successful, imported
laborers from China, Japan and Portugal
 By mid 19th century sugar plantations
accounted for 75 percent of wealth
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Hawaii Becomes a Republic
(part 2)
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Sugar planters gained great political
power
1890- McKinley Tariff Act set off crisis in
islands
Eliminated tariffs on sugar entering the
United States
Annexation-adding of the territory to
United States
Queen Liliuukalani- new Hawaiian ruler
Hawaii Becomes a Republic
(part 3)
1893 the new queen called for a new
constitution that would increase her
power
 Restore political power
 1893 the Queen was removed from power
 1894 Sanford B. Dole wealthy plantation
owner named new president of new
republic of Hawaii
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Hawaii Becomes a Republic
(part 4)
He then asked the United States to
annex Hawaii
 President Cleveland refused
 In 1898 Hawaii was annexed
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