Transcript Loose
Goal 1.01 The Federalist Period 1.01 Identify the major domestic issues and conflicts experienced by the nation during the Federalist Period. Vocabulary • • • • • • • • • Judiciary Act of 1789 Hamilton’s Economic Plan Washington’s Farewell Address Whiskey Rebellion Two-Party System Federalist Party Democratic-Republican Party Loose construction Strict construction American History Review • 1607- First Permanent Settlement in the US • 1774-75: Battles at Lexington and Concord - American Revolution begins • 1776- Declaration of Independence: Freedom from Great Britain • 1783- US wins the Revolutionary War • 1788- The Constitution is ratified • 1789- George Washington becomes First President Where do we take the country from here? Problems facing the New Nation: Problem: How much power should the federal government have? Solution: Articles of Confederation were replaced with the Constitution Washington as a Trendsetter • As the first president Washington set many precedents (setting trends that other presidents follow) – A Cabinet – Neutrality – Leaving office after two years Building His Support the Cabinet Department of War (Military) Henry Knox Department of State (Foreign Affairs) Thomas Jefferson Executive Branch (President) George Washington Department of the Treasury ( $$$) Alexander Hamilton Attorney General (Government Lawyer) Edmund Randolph Washington’s Farewell Address • Served 2 terms (8years) • Advice – Do not get involved in European Affairs – Do not form “permanent alliances” with other nations – Do not create political parties – Do not divide into sections (North and South…) Sectionalism Washington’s Foreign Policy • Drama in Europe causes Washington to have to make tough decisions • French Revolution: fighting for the same rights America had fought for but radicals were killing the king and the aristocrat…America will give no support • France and Brit go to war, need to trade with Britain • April 1793, Washington issued neutrality proclamation…used until 20th Century (precedent) • US was able to stay neutral because of our geographic isolation from Europe A new court system… Problem: How will we set up our courts? Solution: The Judiciary Act of 1789 was passed creating the rest of our courts • Judiciary Act of 1789 − 13 district courts − 3 courts of appeal − The Supreme Court (6 members) John Jay first chief justice The Three Branches of Government Were Defined Finally Hamilton’s Plan Problem: How will we pay our bills? Solution: Secretary of Treasury Hamilton created an Economic Plan 1. Established the First Bank of the United States 2. Took steps toward stabilizing the nation’s currency 3. Established taxes and tariffs (taxes on imports) to generate federal income IMPACT 1- Became the cornerstone of America’s economic system 2- Strengthened the government politically and financially and made the new nation attractive to foreign investors Thinking outside the box • Hamilton faced some opposition with his plan because people (Thomas Jefferson/James Madison) felt that he was not abiding by the Constitution. Loose vs. Strict Interpretation • Must be considered when talk of the US Bank starts because the bank may be unconstitutional • Strict: government only has powers that are listed in Constitution – Jefferson and Madison – Constitution says nothing of a Bank of US…so they can’t create it • Loose: interpret Constitution broadly relying on “implied powers”…justifies the creation of the bank – Alexander Hamilton – Elastic Clause- Problem: What happens when people break a federal law? Solution: The federal government WILL enforce the laws • Excise Tax on • • • • Whiskey Rebellion whiskey upset farmers who used whiskey as a medium of exchange Farmers terrorized tax collectors Washington sent troops Farmers dispersed without a fight but the fed gov’t willingness to use troops against own citizens worried people Yet another event that proved that a strong gov’t was necessary The Birth of Political Parties • The Whiskey Rebellion highlighted the growing division in American Politics • The framers (creators) of the Constitution wanted to avoid political parties because they cause division within the country. • The disagreement over the national bank and the proper way to interpret the Constitution quickly led to the development of the two parties The Federalists: Hamilton and Adams • Wanted a strong national government • putting the government in the hands of the “rich, well born and able”(elite) • Manufacturing and trade were the basis of national wealth and power • artisans, merchants, manufacturers, bankers, urban workers and eastern farmers • Northeast • Pro-British The Democratic-Republicans: Jefferson and Madison • Former AntiFederalists • Strength of the US was its independent farmers, agrarianism • rights of the states against the power of the federal government • South and West • Against the US bank • Pro-French Formations of Political Parties Issue Hamilton Jefferson Government Power Strong Federal Government Weak Fed. and Strong State Government Constitution Loose interpretation (loose translation) Strict interpretation (strict translation) National Bank Yes for national bank (loose interpretation) No for national bank (strict interpretation) Economy Based on shipping and manufacturing Based on farming National Debt Pay national and state debt (taxes) Payment of only national debt Political Party Federalists Democratic-Republican The United States and Foreign Affairs • Alien and Sedition Acts: Four laws that were sponsored by the Federalist to hurt the democratic republicans – The Alien Acts: Extended the time and process to become a citizen (most immigrants would become a Democratic-Republican – The Sedition Acts: Made it illegal to print “scandalous and malicious writing” about the government (silencing the Democratic-Republicans) • Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Were drafted by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson – Stated that the states had the write to nullify, not obey, any exercise of the federal power they thought were unconstitutional. – Though ineffective it did help the Democratic-Republican party push to the White House (Thomas Jefferson would eventually be elected the 3rd president of the United States) What did you learn today? • What was George Washington’s 1st act as President, which said he wanted to support neither France or Britain? • Why did Hamilton suggest adding tariffs in his Economic plan? • Which piece of legislation created the court systems? • What did the Federal government impose on whiskey? What was the result?