Transcript Creating the Constitution 8.2 PowerPoint

Creating the Constitution
Mr. Diaz
CCMS Social Studies
Outline/Timeline
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
Annapolis Convention: “national trade laws”
Shays’ Rebellion: “The national government is too
weak.”
Philadelphia becomes the Constitutional Convention:
“Why do we need a new government.”
New and Improved Constitution: “3 branches”
Virginia vs. New Jersey Plan: “proportional or equal
representation within the legislature.”
Roger Sherman’s Great Compromise: “legislature takeone part equal, one part proportional.”
Proportional Representation: “do slaves count?”
Three-Fifths Compromise: “60% of them do.”
I. Annapolis Convention:
“we need national trade laws”
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Under the Articles on Confederation the
national government could not regulate trade.
Regulate means to control by creating rules.
Delegates from five states met to discuss
creating “national trade laws,” and sent their
ideas to the states along with an invitation to
meet in Philadelphia in June of 1787 to
debate the issue.
Why was trade struggling under the
Articles of Confederation?
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Currency Problems: Under
the Articles of Confederation,
states printed their own
money; thus, the national
currency became almost
worthless.
Trade Problems: States also
placed tariffs on each other's
goods. This, combined with
currency problems, led to a
sharp decline in commerce.
II. Shays’ Rebellion: “The national
government is too weak.”
George Washington on Shays’ Rebellion :
“The consequences of . . . [an] inefficient
government are too obvious to be dwelt
upon. Thirteen [governments] pulling against
each other, and all tugging at the federal
head, will soon bring ruin upon the whole . . .”
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III. Philadelphia Meeting becomes a
Constitutional Convention: “Why do
we need a new government?”
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In the wake of Shays’ Rebellion, most delegates
agreed that the A. of C. were too weak; thus they
called for a new government.
IV. New and Improved Constitution:
“3 branches”
1. Legislature Branch - to make laws
 2. Executive Branch - to enforce laws
 3. Judicial Branch - to evaluate laws
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3. Disagreement: How to divide the
Legislature.
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Virginia Plan wanted representation based on
population and wealth; whereas, the New
Jersey Plan wanted equal representation
amongst all states.
Virginia Plan (two houses) vs. New Jersey
Plan (one house)
V. Roger Sherman’s Great Compromise:
“legislature cake- one part equal, one part
proportional.”
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Delegates argued over representation in the
legislature for months; finally, the delegates
selected a committee to work out a
compromise.
Their final solution was called the Great
Compromise , create a legislature with two
“houses”. One house of the legislature would
have proportional representation, the House
of Representatives, and the other house
would have equal representation, the Senate.
VI. Proportional Representation: “do
slaves count? 60% of them do.”
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The delegates reached what was called the
3/5ths Compromise, which said that 3/5ths of
a states’ population would count towards:
a. when setting direct taxes on the states
b. representation in the legislature
Two Parties Emerge
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Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson
had opposing views on the role of the
national government. That opposition
resulted in the creation of two political parties.
The debate over the role of the national
government has continued throughout United
States history.
What should the Government do?
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Major party differences
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Alexander Hamilton
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Leader of Federalists
Favored strong national government
Favored limits on states’ powers
Favored development of industry on a national scale
Favored a national bank
Thomas Jefferson
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Leader of the Democratic Republicans
Favored a weak national government
Supported states’ powers
Favored small business and farmers
Opposed a national bank
America’s first leaders
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Congress and the first five presidents made
decisions establishing a strong government
that helped the nation grow in size and
power.
All of the first five presidents were Virginians
except John Adams.
George Washington
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Established first Federal court
system.
Political parties grew out of the
disagreements between
Hamilton and Jefferson over
the proper role of the national
government.
The Bill of Rights was added to
the Constitution of the United
States of America.
Plans were initiated for
development of the national
capital in Washington, D.C.
Benjamin Banneker, an African
American astronomer and
surveyor, helped complete the
design for the city.
John Adams
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A two-party system
emerged during his
administration.
Thomas Jefferson
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He bought Louisiana
from France
(Louisiana Purchase).
Lewis and Clark
explored this new
land west of the
Mississippi River.
James Madison
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President during the
War of l812 which
caused European
nations to gain
respect for the United
States.
James Monroe
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He introduced the
Monroe Doctrine
warning European
nations not to
interfere in the
Western Hemisphere.
Essential Questions
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What were the basic weaknesses of the Articles
of Confederation?
What were the basic principles of governments
stated in the Constitution of the United States of
America and Bill of Rights?
What were the major differences between
Hamilton and Jefferson?
What were the major national issues and events
faced by the first five presidents?