Transcript United States History Chapter 9

United States History
Chapter 9
Higher Order Thinking Skills
Homework
1.
Describe how industrialization and
capitalism impacted the U.S.
economy.
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What was the market revolution?
Represented the shift from producing goods for one’s
own consumption, to buying and selling goods in the
marketplace.
What role did entrepreneurs play in fueling the
nation’s economy?
They created the competition within the marketplace
that drove capitalism. They risked everything to
make huge profits.
2.
Identify the inventions that enhanced
people’s lives and helped fuel the
country’s economic progress.
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How did inventions impact consumers?
They tended to make life easier and more comfortable for
consumers.
How did the invention of the telegraph enhance the nation’s
business activities?
Made it possible for the different regions of the United States
(North, South, and West) to do business with each other more
efficiently.
In what ways did Americans improve their transportation
systems?
The United States laid thousands of miles of Railroad tracks
during this period, as well as starting up numerous Canal
projects.
3.
Explain how improved transportation
and communication systems helped
to link America’s regions and make
them more interdependent.
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What factors helped the Northeast to become the center of
commerce?
Heavy investment in Railroads and Canals, an emphasis on
manufacturing jobs, and good ports for foreign trade.
What inventions helped to improve farming in the Midwest?
John Deere’s invention of the Steel Plow and Cyrus
McCormick’s invention of the Mechanical Reaper.
Why did the South remain largely agricultural throughout the
early- and mid-1800’s?
Transportation systems were less developed, Wealthy
Southerners’ money was tied up in land and slaves and not
available to invest in factory construction, and many
Southerners looked down on industrialization as uncivilized.
4.
Summarize the reasons American
settlers headed west during the mid1800’s.
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What was the concept of Manifest Destiny?
Based on the belief that America was God’s new
“Chosen People” and that the west was our
“promised land”. It stated that American expansion
to the west was inevitable and pre-ordained by God.
For what reasons did Americans move west?
Economic problems, abundance of land, trade with
Asia (made possible by the transportation
improvements of the period).
5.
Describe the impact of westward
expansion on Native Americans.
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Why did a number of Native Americans resist white settlement
on the western frontier?
To protect their ancestral lands and cultures.
What were the causes and consequences of the Blackhawk
War?
Illinois was forcing the Sauk and Fox tribes west of the
Mississippi River, Chief Black Hawk decided to lead a rebellion,
over 200 Sauk and Fox were slaughtered and the tribes were
forcibly removed.
What did the Treaty of Fort Laramie state?
Native American tribes were given control of the Central Plains
in return for promises not to attack settlers and to allow the
United States to build Forts and Roads in the territory.
6.
Identify the westward trails and
some of the people that used them.
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What were the main routes that Americans took as they traveled
into the west?
Oregon Trail, Mormon Trail, California Trail, Bozeman Trail
For what reasons did the Mormons migrate west?
To escape religious persecution
How did the United States and Great Britain settle their disputes
over western territory?
Initially, American settlers demanded a war with Great Britain to
acquire the entire Oregon Territory (“54’40 or Fight”)
However, facing a war with Mexico, James K. Polk decided to
come to an agreement with the British to extend the border at
the 49th parallel to the Pacific Ocean (our current northern
boundary).
7.
Explain why Mexico encouraged
settlement in Texas.
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Why did tensions develop between Native American and
Mexican inhabitants of Texas?
The Mexican government forced Native Americans to work as
unpaid laborers. The Comanche and Apache tribes responded
with violent attacks on Mexican settlements in Texas and New
Mexico.
Why did Mexico invite American settlers to Texas?
They hoped it would help solve the “Indian Problem” and create
a closer connection between Mexico City and the Texas
settlement.
What role did Stephen Austin play in the American settlement of
Texas?
He acted as an empresario (land agent) that helped bring
American settlers to Texas.
8.
Describe how Texas gained its
independence.
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Why did the Anglo settlers in Texas rebel against the Mexican
government?
Santa Anna closed the border to the United States banning
American immigrants and placing a heavy tax on American
products.
What was the significance of the Battle at the Alamo?
Became the rallying cry (“Remember the Alamo”) for Texas
Independence, reminding Texans of the cruelty and unmerciful
nature of the Santa Anna regime.
How did Texas eventually become the 28th state in the Union?
After winning their independence and existing for a while as the
Lone Star Republic, Texas invited the United States to annex
(add) them as the 28th state in the Union.
9.
Summarize the conflicting attitudes
on waging war with Mexico.
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Why did Polk favor war with Mexico?
It would give the opportunity to fulfill manifest destiny
through acquisition of what would become California,
New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada.
Why was public opinion divided over going to war
with Mexico?
The war represented the possible expansion of the
territory of slavery within the United States.
10. Describe key battles that helped the
United States win the war with
Mexico.
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How did the Mexican-American War begin?
Zachary Taylor was sent to the Rio Grande River (within territory
disputed by both the United States and Mexico) where he was
attacked by Mexican forces, provoking a declaration of war
against Mexico.
How did views of the war differ among the nation’s regions?
The South supported the War because it could expand the
influence of the slave states in Congress, the North opposed the
War for the same reason.
How did the United States gain control of New Mexico and
California?
Both were acquired by the U.S. after revolutions led by local
settlers (wealthy Mexican ranchers in New Mexico and by
American settlers led by John Freemont in California).
11. Identify U.S. Territories gained from
Mexico.
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What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
The United States received the land that would become
California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico (The
Mexican Cession) in return for a payment of $20 Million.
What was the significance of the Gadsden Purchase?
Completed the borders of the mainland United States, allowed
for completion of the Transcontinental Railroad.
What role did the war with Mexico play in the election of 1848?
The issue of whether or not to ban slavery from the territory
gained from Mexico split the Democratic Party and allowed War
Hero Zachary Taylor to win the election easily.
12. Explain the impact of the discovery
of gold in California on the
development of the West.
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What impact did the discovery of gold have on the
west?
Inspired dramatic increases in the numbers of people
migrating to the west.
In what ways did the west become more diverse?
The State’s population included Chinese immigrants,
Free Blacks, Mexican immigrants, some slaves (until
the state constitution abolished the institution in
1849) and Whites.