Transcript 1TheColdWar - World History Home

■ Essential Question:
–What led to the Cold War between
the United States & Soviet Union?
The end of World War II led to
important changes in the world:
U.N.
Peacekeeping
Interventions,
The
United Nations
was created1945-2009
which
replaced the League of Nations
United Nations
Headquarters
is
in
Executive
New York City
Council
General Assembly
Member Nations
The UN created a Jewish nation called Israel which
set off a series of wars with Arabs in the Middle East
The United States occupied & helped rebuild Japan
The end of the war inspired independence
throughout Africa & Asia, called decolonization
The
One
United
of theStates
most
&important
Soviet Union
changes
were
superpowers
after World&War
rivals
II
was
whothe
dominated
beginning
of
world
the Cold
politics
War
From 1945 to 1991,
What
were
the&
the
United
States
Soviet
entered of
an
majorUnion
ideologies
era of distrust & hostility
the USA
& Cold
USSR?
known
as the
War
Examining Cold War Ideologies
■ The Cold War was a conflict of ideology
between the USA & Soviet Union
–Step 1: Match each of the 8 cards with
their appropriate definition
–Step 2: Sort the cards by determining
which 4 describe the USA & which
4 cards describe the USSR
–Step 3: Match each of the 8 images with
the correct definition
A
DEMOCRACY
B
EQUALITY
C
CAPITALISM
D
INDIVIDUALISM
E
COLLECTIVISM
F
SOCIALISM
G
TOTALITARIANISM
H
FREEDOM
■ Essential Question:
–What were the major events
between the USA & USSR during
the early years of the Cold War?
The
One
United
of theStates
most
&important
Soviet Union
changes
were
superpowers
after World&War
rivals
II
was
whothe
dominated
beginning
of
world
the Cold
politics
War
ThisDuring
was anthe
eraCold
of competing
War,
the
ideologies:
United States
the USA
&
Soviet
promoted
Union
democracy
entered an
&
capitalism
era of distrust
while
& the
hostility
USSR
triedfrom
to spread
1945 to
communism
1991
The different ideologies between USA & USSR and
their desires to spread these ideas led to an era of
distrust, hostility, proxy battles, & near nuclear war
What Caused the
Cold War?
In 1917, Lenin led
the Bolsheviks in the
Russian Revolution
Distrust
when
&
createdbegan
the world’s
the communist
USA sent troops
first
gov’t
to fight the “Red
Army” during the
Russian
Civil
War in
After
Lenin’s
death
1924, Joseph Stalin
became dictator of
the Soviet Union
During WWII, the
USA & USSR worked
together to defeat
the Axis Powers, but…
…World War II increased
tensions between the
USA and USSR
Stalin never trusted
the Britain or the USA
during World War II
The Manhattan Project gave the USA a
monopoly on nuclear weapon technology
At the Yalta Conference,
But, Stalin wanted a
Stalin agreed to allow
“buffer zone” between
self-determination in the USSR & the democratic
Eastern Europe
nations in Western Europe
Stalin used his military
to install communist
gov’ts in Eastern
European nations
As
Inathe
result,
yearsEastern
after World
European
War nations
II, the USA began
turned to
communist
view Stalin& as
became
a new Soviet
Hitler—a
satellites:
dangerous
nations
dictator
that were
who wanted
influenced
to take
by the
over
USSR
the world
By 1946, Europe was divided by an “iron curtain”
that separated democratic/capitalist Western
Europe from communist/totalitarian Eastern Europe
Communism &
Totalitarianism
Capitalism &
Democracy
The U.S. created a foreign policy called containment
to stop Soviet influence & the spread of communism
When the USSR began to pressure Greece & Turkey
to turn communist, the U.S. created the
Truman Doctrine, promising economic & military
help to any nation threatened by communism
T=
The Truman Doctrine
worked & neither
Greece nor Turkey
fell to communism
The Truman Doctrine
■ 1. Why did Truman believe Greece needed
American aid in 1947?
■ 2.What does Truman mean when he claims,
“Should we fail to aid Greece and Turkey in
this fateful hour, the effect will be far reaching
to the West as well as to the East”?
■ 3. Does Truman present American policy as
offensive or defensive? What words or
phrases does Truman use to present policy
this way?
European nations had difficulty recovering after
WWII which led to fears of communism in Europe
The U.S. created the
Marshall Plan which
offered $13 billion to help
rebuild post-war Europe
M=
By 1952, Western Europe
recovered & Communism
never took root
Marshall
Plan to
Aid
Europe
1948-1952
In 1948, the USSR used military force to turn
Czechoslovakia to communism; This led to fears that
Stalin would use similar tactics in Western Europe
In 1949, the United
States formed the
North Atlantic
Treaty Organization
(NATO): a military
alliance among
democratic
countries in Europe
& North America
At the end of
WWII, Germany
was divided into
zones occupied
by the USA,
Britain, France,
& the USSR
Berlin, the
German capital,
was also divided
but was located
in the Soviet zone
In 1948, Stalin tried to turn
all of Berlin communist &
ordered the Berlin Blockade
which shut down all ground
transportation to West Berlin
In response, the U.S. began the Berlin Airlift
For 11 months, U.S.
& British planes
supplies landed in
Berlin to bring food,
fuel, & supplies
Stalin admitted
defeat & lifted the
blockade in 1949
The United States
successfully kept
West Berlin from
turning communist
From 1945 to 1949,
But over the next 40 years,
the United States
the Cold War intensified as
successfully contained communism spread to Asia,
communism in Europe Africa, and Latin America
The Cold War intensified as new nuclear weapons
were introduced; espionage (spying ) increased;
& wars broke out in Korea, Vietnam, & Afghanistan
Iron Curtain Speech
■ 1. Who was Winston Churchill?
Why would Americans trust what he
has to say about the Soviet Union?
■ 2. What is the “Soviet sphere”?
■ 3. What does Churchill claim that
the Soviet Union wanted?
■ 4. Why do you think he chose the
words “iron” “Curtain”?
Iron Curtain Speech
Questions to Answer:
1. What is the Main Idea of the speech?
2. How does Churchill characterize the Russians?
3. How does he characterize Soviet led or Soviet sphere governments in
Eastern Europe?
4. What does Churchill mean when he says, it “will give the defeated Germans
the power of putting themselves up to auction between the Soviets and the
Western Democracies”?
5. What does Churchill suggest that our policy needs to be? WHY does he
suggest this should be our policy?
6. Aside from Churchill’s argument IN the speech, why else might he believe
this to be a necessary course of action? (Hint: What do you know about
Churchill? Who is he? What has he experienced that has led him to this
point of view?)
7. In the first line, Churchill mentions an “iron curtain”. Think about the words
“iron” and “curtain”. What does this combination of words suggest? What
does it divide?