Transcript Revolutionary War review 2015

What led
to the writing of
the
Declaration
Of
Independence
and the
Revolutionary
War?
Video
Causes of the revolution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eytc9ZaNWyc
French and Indian War
• 1754 to 1763 war fought over the land in
America between the English and French.
• It was called the Seven Years War in Europe.
• Britain helped colonists defeat French in war
Join, or Die Political Cartoon by Benjamin Franklin
A political cartoon calling for American colonies to band together for
protection against Indians and the French. First published in the
Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754.
The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart
• Britain needed money to pay for war expenses &
imposed taxes on colonists
– Sugar Act of 1764 - taxed colonists on many
of the goods coming into the colonies
from other places. Example: Sugar and
Molasses taxes
– Stamp Act of 1765- taxes upon all
paper products and stamped the item
once the tax had been played.
The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart continued...
• Proclamation of 1763: Britain restricted
settlement in the West of Appalachians
• As a cost saving measure, Britain passed the
Quartering Act. This forced colonists to house
and supply British Troops in the colonies.
• Colonists had no vote in Parliament and had no
say in how the colonies were being governed.
Colonists Protest:
Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty
• Samuel Adams led the
protests in Boston against
the taxes.
• He began a secret society
called the Sons of Liberty.
• The colonists started a
boycott, or a refusal to buy
certain goods, from the
British.
• The Sons of Liberty used violence, such as
tar and feathering, to scare off the tax
collectors.
• The Stamp Act was repealed (to do away
with) because of all the protests.
The Boston Massacre: March 5, 1770
• Colonial men were shouting insults at the
British soldiers “Lobsterbacks”
• They started throwing things, probably
snow balls and rocks.
• Someone yelled “fire” and the Red Coats
(what the British soldiers were called) shot.
• Five colonists were killed. These were the
first Americans killed in the War for
Independence.
• Sam Adams started calling the incident the
Boston Massacre. He used the incident to
get more people angry at the British.
* Tea Act of 1773:
– Parliament began taxing tea. Tea was the
most important beverage in the colonies.
– Boston Tea Party: political protest by the
Sons of Liberty in Boston, on December 16,
1773. The demonstrators, some disguised
as American Indians, destroyed an entire
shipment of tea sent by the East India
Company, in protest of the Tea Act.
– The British government responded harshly
and the episode escalated into the
American Revolution.
Boston Tea Party
• Lower price on
British tea
• Colonists still pay
taxes
• Boycotted British
tea
• Sons of Liberty
dressed in disguise
and dumped British
tea overboard
•
1774--King George III passes
the
“Intolerable
Acts”
The Royal
Navy
blockades the Boston
Harbor so no colonial
goods could be sent out
until tea was paid for.
• Colonists had to quarter
the British soldiers.
• The King assigned British
General Gage to be
Massachusetts governor.
• First Continental Congress
• A meeting of delegates from twelve of the
thirteen colonies in September 1774 at
Carpenters Hall in Philadelphia.
• It was called in response to "The passage of
the Intolerable Acts" by Parliament. This led to
the Union of the Colonies.
“Shot Heard ‘Round The World”
• April 19, 1775—The first battles of the
American Revolution occurred in
Lexington & Concord Mass.
• Minutemen fight the redcoats.
•British General Gage
learns of hidden weapons
in Concord
•Two lanterns hung in
church tower to warn the
British coming by “sea”
(Charles River)
• Paul Revere and William
Dawes make midnight ride
to warn Minutemen of
approaching British
soldiers
•
Second Continental Congress
1775-76
A convention of delegates
from the 13 Colonies that started in
the summer of 1775, soon after Lexington & Concord.
• The second Congress managed the colonial war effort, and,
adopted the “United States Declaration of Independence” on
July 4, 1776.
• By raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and
making formal treaties, the Congress acted as the de facto
national government of what became the United States.
Where did it all take place?
• Independence Hall
– Philadelphia Pennsylvania
The Declaration of
Independence
Who was involved?
• Benjamin
Franklin
• John Adams
• Robert R.
Livingston
• Roger Sherman
• Thomas
Jefferson
Who Wrote the Declaration?
Thomas Jefferson
Who
signed it
first?
On the Eve of the
Revolution ?
Britain
Americans
Advantages
?
?
Disadvantages
?
?
Washington’s Headaches
Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor
of a war for independence [the other
third were Loyalists, and the final third
were neutral].
State/colony loyalties.
Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for
the Continental
Army.
Poor training [until
the arrival of
Baron von Steuben.
Loyalist Strongholds
Exports & Imports: 1768-1783
Military Strategies
The Americans
Attrition [the Brits
had a long supply
line].
Guerilla tactics
[fight an insurgent
war  you don’t
have to win a battle,
just wear the British
down]
Make an alliance
with one of Britain’s
enemies.
The British
Break the colonies
in half by getting
between the No. &
the So.
Blockade the ports
to prevent the flow
of goods and
supplies from an
ally.
“Divide and
Conquer”  use the
Loyalists.
Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:
“The World Turned Upside Down!”
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797
Treaty Of Paris
• The final treaty was signed
on September 3, 1783, and
ratified by the Continental
Congress early in 1784.
• Negotiated in Paris by
Adams, Franklin, Jay, and
Henry Laurens for the
United States and Richard
Oswald for Great Britain.
Some terms of the Treaty of
Paris
1. Acknowledging the United States to
be free, sovereign and independent
states.
2.Recognizing the lawful contracted
debts to be paid to creditors on
either side.
3.Great Britain and the United States
are each to be given perpetual
access to the Mississippi River.
North America After the
Treaty of Paris, 1783