Transcript 09 TAJMT Chapter 17

Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The Reagan Presidency
Section 2: The Bush Presidency
Section 3: A New Century
Section 4: The War on Terror
Section 5: Challenges Ahead
Visual Summary
The Reagan Presidency
Essential Question How was President
Reagan’s attitude about communism reflected
in his actions and policies?
The Bush Presidency
Essential Question How did President Bush
deal with the domestic challenges facing his
presidency?
A New Century
Essential Question How did the Clinton
presidency change the U.S. domestic scene in
the 1990s?
The War on Terror
Essential Question How has the war on terror
changed the way Americans live?
Challenges Ahead
Essential Question How have economic and
environmental developments led to the world’s
nations becoming more interdependent?
How was President Reagan’s attitude
about communism reflected in his
actions and policies?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• deregulation
• federal debt
• supply-side economics
Academic Vocabulary
• quote
• theme
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Sandra Day O’Connor
• George H.W. Bush
• Geraldine Ferraro
• Mikhail Gorbachev
Do you prefer a president with
conservative views or liberal views?
A. Conservative
B. Liberal
A. A
B. B
0%
A
0%
B
The Reagan Revolution
President Reagan brought a new
conservative approach to
government.
The Reagan Revolution (cont.)
• Ronald Reagan’s election to the presidency
in 1980 marked a significant conservative
shift in America.
• After his firm response to the air traffic
controller’s strike, the public felt that Reagan
would stand firm and use his presidency to
carry out the policies in which he believed.
• As part of his promise to reduce
government, Reagan pursued a policy of
deregulation.
The Reagan Revolution (cont.)
• In 1981, Reagan appointed
Sandra Day O’Connor as the first female
justice on the Supreme Court.
• Supporters called Reagan’s economic policy
supply-side economics because it aimed
to boost the economy by increasing the
supply of goods and services.
The Reagan Revolution (cont.)
• While Reagan cut domestic programs, he
sharply increased military spending.
– The government had to borrow money
because of this spending, which increased
the federal debt.
What did critics call Reagan’s
economic policy?
A. Trickle-down economics
B. Reaganomics
C. Demand-side economics
D. Warmonger economics
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Reagan’s Foreign Policy
The Reagan administration believed
that the United States should take
strong action to resist Communist
influences overseas.
Reagan’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• To carry out his policy against communism,
Reagan launched a massive buildup of the
military.
• He defended these actions by quoting
George Washington’s advice: “To be
prepared for war is one of the most effective
means of preserving peace.”
Reagan’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• Reagan committed U.S. forces and aid to
the fight against communism, especially in
nearby Latin America.
• Reagan’s policies were less successful in
the Middle East, where he withdrew all U.S.
forces from Lebanon after repeated terrorist
attacks.
Why did Reagan take action in Grenada?
A. In response to
terrorist attacks
B. To battle
Sandinista rebels
C. To rescue
American students
0%
D. To battle a Soviet colony
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Reagan’s Second Term
During Reagan’s second term, the
United States continued to act
against communism but also held
talks with a new Soviet leadership.
Reagan’s Second Term (cont.)
• By 1984, the economy was booming and
spirits were high in America.
• President Reagan and Vice President
George H.W. Bush continued this optimistic
theme in their campaign for reelection.
– They won by a landslide against
Democrats Walter Mondale and
Geraldine Ferraro—the first woman to
run for vice president on a major political
party ticket.
Reagan’s Second Term (cont.)
• Despite his popularity, the Iran-Contra
scandal cast a shadow over part of
President Reagan’s second term.
• In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev became the
new Soviet leader and called for a policy of
glasnost—opening Soviet society to new
ideas.
To whom did Oliver North and John
Poindexter funnel money from a
secret arms sale?
A. Nicaraguan contras
B. Grenadian rebels
C. Iranian rebels
D. Lebanese terrorists
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
How did President Bush deal with the
domestic challenges facing his
presidency?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• coalition
• downsize
• bankruptcy
Academic Vocabulary
• retain
• site
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Tiananmen Square
• Saddam Hussein
• Colin Powell
• Norman Schwarzkopf
• Operation Desert Storm
Rate your agreement with the
following statement: The United
States should destroy all of its
nuclear weapons.
A. Strongly agree
B. Somewhat agree
C. Somewhat disagree
0%
A
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
0%
C
The End of the Cold War
During Bush’s presidency,
significant global events led to the
end of the Cold War.
The End of the Cold War (cont.)
• In 1988 Vice President George H.W. Bush
was elected president.
– However, the Democrats retained control
of the House and the Senate.
• Bush’s presidency occurred during a time of
sweeping change in world affairs.
The End of the Cold War (cont.)
– Bush and Soviet leader Gorbachev—who
wanted to end the arms race so he could
focus on reforms within his country—
agreed to destroy some existing nuclear
weapons.
– In late 1989, the iron curtain that had
divided Eastern and Western Europe
began to crumble, and in 1990 East
Germany and West Germany were finally
reunited.
The End of the Cold War (cont.)
– The defeat of a coup in the Soviet Union
brought a tidal wave of democracy and on
December 25, 1991, Gorbachev announced
the end of the Soviet Union.
Russia and the Independent Republics
The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
achieved which breakthrough?
A. A halt in the creation of
nuclear weapons
B. The destruction of existing
nuclear weapons
C. The creation of more powerful
nuclear weapons
D. An agreement to sell nuclear
weapons to other countries
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
A New Foreign Policy
After the Cold War’s end, Bush
administration officials set out to
develop a new foreign policy.
A New Foreign Policy (cont.)
• In 1989 Bush sent U.S. troops to Panama to
overthrow dictator Manuel Noriega.
• Bush and other world leaders condemned
the killings of Chinese protesters in
Tiananmen Square.
A New Foreign Policy (cont.)
• In 1990, Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein sent
his army to Kuwait.
– President Bush persuaded other nations
to join the United States in a coalition.
– Generals Colin Powell and
Norman Schwarzkopf commanded the
U.S. forces in Operation Desert Storm.
Persian Gulf War, 1991
A New Foreign Policy (cont.)
– Missiles and bombs destroyed Iraqi military
and civilian sites, and, after a short ground
war, Kuwait was freed and Iraq was forced to
accept a cease-fire.
• In 1991, a civil war in Yugoslavia resulted in
thousands of deaths.
– After NATO took military action, the
participants signed a peace plan in 1995
known as the Dayton Accords.
Why were the protestors in Tiananmen
Square killed?
A. They supported the
Chinese government
0%
0%
D
A
0%
B
C
D
C
A
A.
0%
B.
C. They were calling for socialism
C.
D. They were holding weapons
D.
and threatening soldiers
B
B. They were calling
for democracy
Domestic Issues
The federal debt and an economic
slowdown were challenges for the
Bush administration.
Domestic Issues (cont.)
• During the 1980s, the Reagan administration
cut regulations in many industries, and the
new laws eased limits on savings and loan
associations.
– When many borrowers could not repay
their loans and real estate values
declined, the government had to pay out
billions of dollars to customers of failed
savings and loan associations.
Domestic Issues (cont.)
• In 1990 the economy began to slow.
– Cuts in military spending led to job losses
in defense-related businesses.
– Companies began to downsize to
become more efficient.
– Some businesses and individuals who had
borrowed money had to declare
bankruptcy.
Domestic Issues (cont.)
• The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
banned job discrimination against people
with disabilities.
• In 1989 President Bush created the Office of
National Drug Control Policy.
Which of the following was NOT a reason the
economy slowed in the 1990s?
A. Companies began to downsize
to become more efficient.
B. Companies declared bankruptcy.
C. Military spending decreased.
D. Savings and loan associations
charged individuals too
much interest.
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
How did the Clinton presidency
change the U.S. domestic scene in
the 1990s?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• grassroots movement • gross domestic product
• deficit spending
• perjury
• budget deficit
Academic Vocabulary
• adequate
• scope
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Bill Clinton
• Al Gore
• George W. Bush
• Richard Cheney
• Condoleezza Rice
Rate your agreement with the following
statement:
Trade with foreign countries should be
limited to encourage American businesses.
0%
D
D. Strongly disagree
C
C. Somewhat disagree
B
B. Somewhat agree
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
D.0% D0%
A
A. Strongly agree
The Clinton Administration
President Clinton struggled with
Republicans in Congress and faced
impeachment, but he achieved
several major economic and social
reforms.
The Clinton Administration (cont.)
• For the 1992 presidential election, the
Democrats nominated Arkansas governor
Bill Clinton, with Tennessee senator
Al Gore as his running mate.
• A grassroots movement put Texas
business leader H. Ross Perot on the ballot
as a third-party candidate.
– Perot called for an end to the
government’s deficit spending.
The Clinton Administration (cont.)
• Voters elected Clinton, the first president
born after World War II.
• One of the new president’s goals was
reducing the budget deficit, but his plans
faced opposition from Republicans in
Congress.
The 1992 Election
The Clinton Administration (cont.)
• Clinton faced stronger opposition to his plan
for health-care reform.
– His goal was to control rising health-care
costs and provide adequate health
insurance for every American.
• The president succeeded in passing the
Brady Bill of 1993 and the Family and
Medical Leave Act of 1993.
The Clinton Administration (cont.)
• Popular support for a Republican plan
known as the Contract with America resulted
in Republican control of both houses of
Congress in 1994.
• During Clinton’s second term, the economy
continued to grow, as evidenced by growth
of the gross domestic product.
The Clinton Administration (cont.)
• The strong economy kept Clinton’s
popularity high, but scandals threatened his
presidency.
– Kenneth Starr widened the scope of his
investigation into scandals in the Clinton
administration and claimed that Clinton
had committed perjury and obstructed
justice.
– In February 1999, the Senate acquitted
the president of both charges.
The Clinton Administration (cont.)
• In 1993, Clinton persuaded Congress to
ratify the North American Free Trade
Agreement, eliminating trade barriers among
the United States, Mexico, and Canada.
• Clinton also worked to establish peace
between Israel and Palestine, but opposition
to the plan emerged on both sides and
violence in the area continued.
National Defense, Selected Nations
What percentage of the Senate is needed
to convict and remove a president from
office?
A. One-third
B. One-half
C. Two-thirds
D. Three-fourths
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
A New President for a New Century
As the 2000s began, the United
States enjoyed economic prosperity
but was deeply divided politically.
A New President for a New Century (cont.)
• In the presidential election of 2000, Texas
governor George W. Bush and his running
mate Richard Cheney faced Vice President
Al Gore and his running mate, Senator
Joseph Lieberman.
• After a partial recount of the votes in Florida,
Bush became the 43rd president of the
United States on January 20, 2001.
Election of 2000
A New President for a New Century (cont.)
• When assembling the cabinet, Bush sought
people from different career backgrounds
and ethnicities.
• Condoleezza Rice, the first woman in
history to hold the job of national security
adviser, was one of five women in Bush’s
cabinet.
A New President for a New Century (cont.)
• In June 2001, Congress passed and Bush
signed into law the 10-year, $1.3 trillion
tax-cut bill.
• Bush also proposed reforms in education,
leading to the No Child Left Behind Act.
• In foreign affairs, Bush pushed for new
military programs, such as a National Missile
Defense System.
The No Child Left Behind Act requires which of
the following to occur?
A. Mandatory preschool
B. Annual testing in public
schools for grades 3 to 8
C. The elimination of
private schools
D. Free college tuition
for poor families
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
How has the war on terror changed
the way Americans live?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• terrorism
• insurgent
• fundamentalist
• levee
• counterterrorism
Academic Vocabulary
• prior
• definite
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Osama bin Laden
• USA Patriot Act
• Hurricane Katrina
• Nancy Pelosi
Rate your agreement with the following
statement:
The September 11 terrorist attack has had
a drastic effect on daily life in the United
States.
0%
0%
0%
0%
D
D. Strongly disagree
C
C. Somewhat disagree
A
B
C
D
B
B. Somewhat agree
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
A. Strongly agree
The Events of 9/11
On September 11, 2001, the United
States suffered the worst terrorist
attack in its history.
The Events of 9/11 (cont.)
• The acts of terrorism against the United
States on September 11, 2001, shocked
Americans, but they responded rapidly to
the crisis.
• The United States government quickly
identified the attacks as the work of a Saudi
Arabian man named Osama bin Laden and
his terrorist organization, al-Qaeda.
America is Attacked
The Events of 9/11 (cont.)
• Although the majority of Muslims worldwide
reject terrorism, some fundamentalists like
bin Laden do not.
• Al-Qaeda grew out of the Muslim struggle
against the Soviet Union in the Southwest
Asian country of Afghanistan.
• Bin Laden then decided that all Westerners
should be pushed out of the Muslim world
and began a series of terrorist attacks.
Al-Qaeda grew out of the Muslim
struggle in what country?
A. Afghanistan
B. Russia
C. Lebanon
D. Syria
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Fighting Terrorism
After the 9/11 attacks, the United
States launched a massive effort to
eliminate international terrorism.
Fighting Terrorism (cont.)
• President Bush created the Office of
Homeland Security in order to coordinate
counterterrorism efforts.
• Congress passed and the president signed
into law the USA Patriot Act of 2001, which
permitted agents to conduct secret searches
of a suspect’s home or office without giving
prior notice.
Remembering September 11, 2001
Fighting Terrorism (cont.)
• The war on terrorism first focused on
Afghanistan, where Taliban leaders refused
to hand over bin Laden.
• The attacks of 9/11 raised fears that terrorist
groups might acquire nuclear, chemical, or
biological weapons.
Global Terrorism
Fighting Terrorism (cont.)
• On March 20, 2003, the American military,
aided by soldiers from Britain and some
other countries, attacked Iraq.
• The U.S. set out to create a democracy in
Iraq, which was difficult due to insurgents
and internal fighting amongst Muslims.
Global Terrorism
On which country did the war on
terrorism first focus?
A. Iraq
B. Iran
C. Afghanistan
D. Palestine
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Bush’s Second Term
During his second term, President
Bush lost much support as a result
of the Iraq war and difficult
challenges at home.
Bush’s Second Term (cont.)
• In the election of 2004, the Democrats
nominated Massachusetts senator John
Kerry for president and North Carolina
senator John Edwards for vice president.
• Election day saw the highest voter turnout
since 1968, and President Bush was reelected.
• The war on terrorism raised questions about
the nation’s security and civil liberties, such
as what to do with captured terrorists.
Bush’s Second Term (cont.)
• In addition to prisoner’s rights, the Bush
administration faced challenges about
citizen’s rights.
• President Bush had to fill two vacancies on
the U.S. Supreme Court—the Senate
confirmed his choices of John G. Roberts
and Samuel Alito, Jr.
• On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina
struck the Gulf of Mexico coast.
Bush’s Second Term (cont.)
• After the hurricane had passed, rising waters
broke through the levees that protected New
Orleans, and many people waited for days to
be rescued.
• American voters expressed their
unhappiness with the Bush administration’s
policies in the 2006 midterm elections,
where the Democrats won control of both
houses of Congress for the first time
since 1992.
Bush’s Second Term (cont.)
– House Democrats elected Nancy Pelosi
to be the first female Speaker of the
House of Representatives.
• House Democrats called for the president to
set a definite timetable for pulling American
troops out of Iraq.
Which of the following was a major result
of George W. Bush’s presidency?
A. A more conservative
Supreme Court
0%
0%
0%
D
0%
C
D. Improved relations with
the Middle East
A
B
C
D
B
C. Federal budget surpluses
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B. The expansion of
U.S. citizens’ rights
How have economic and
environmental developments led to
the world’s nations becoming more
interdependent?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• interdependent
• acid rain
• globalism
• global warming
• trade deficit
• deport
• free trade
• amnesty
• urban sprawl
Academic Vocabulary
• decade
• aware
What technological advance has had the
greatest impact on your everyday life?
A. The internet
B. The cellular phone
C. Cable television
D. Compact discs
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
The New Global Economy
Advances in technology now link the
United States to a global economy.
The New Global Economy (cont.)
• In recent years, the United States and other
nations have become interdependent.
• A major reason for the rise of the global
economy is the technology revolution.
– A few decades ago, computers, cell
phones, cable television, and compact
discs had not been invented or were not
widely available.
Computer Access
The New Global Economy (cont.)
• The technology revolution has contributed to
the rise of globalism, and the United States
is a key player in this economy.
• The United States imports more than it
exports, resulting in a massive trade deficit.
• To further American economic growth,
Republican and Democratic administrations
since World War II have supported
free trade.
The New Global Economy (cont.)
• As the world economy becomes more
interconnected, Americans debate whether
ending trade barriers helps or hinders the
United States.
Economics & History
What organization settles trade disputes
among nations around the world?
A. The European Union
B. The United Nations
0%
D
0%
C
A
B
C
D0%
B
A
A.
C. The World Trade Organization
B.
D. The League of Nations
C.
0%
D.
The Environment
Concern about the environment has
become a serious political issue in
recent years.
The Environment (cont.)
• Globalism has made people aware of issues
that affect the world as a whole.
• Urban sprawl has created many problems,
such as loss of farmland and wilderness
areas.
• The U.S. faces several environmental
challenges, such as air and water pollution.
– Pollution from the burning of fossil fuels
mixes with water vapor in the air to make
acid rain.
The Environment (cont.)
• Some scientists worry that global warming
will lead to changing weather patterns and
could melt the polar ice caps.
How Much Do We Recycle?
Which pair of environmental terms has a
cause-and-effect relationship?
A. Chemicals and urban sprawl
B. Acid rain and solar radiation
0%
D
0%
C
A
B
C
0%
D
B
D. Water pollution and
the ozone layer
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
A
C. Global warming
and rising seas
A Changing Society
As the 2000s begin, immigrants and
the elderly make up a larger share
of the American population.
A Changing Society (cont.)
• As America enters the twenty-first century,
its population is changing.
– The number of older Americans has risen.
– Ways of living and working have changed
as a result of new technologies.
– Changes in U.S. laws and unstable
conditions worldwide have led to a
dramatic rise in the number of immigrants
to the United States.
A Changing Society (cont.)
• Many Americans call for illegal immigrants to
be deported, while others are willing to
grant amnesty to those who are already
here.
• Immigration, as well as natural population
increase, contribute to population growth.
• Despite health advances, the rates of cancer
in the United States have risen.
U.S. Foreign-Born Population, 1850–2005
A Changing Society (cont.)
• Recently, most of the nation’s population
growth has taken place in the West and
South.
U.S. Foreign-Born Population, 1850–2005
Which of the following is NOT true about the
American population in the early twenty-first
century?
A. The death rate is higher
than the birth rate.
0%
D
0%
C
D. Manufacturing areas in the
North and East have lost population.
A
B
C
D0%
B
C. The number of immigrants coming
into the United States has risen.
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
A
B. The number of older
Americans has risen.
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deregulation
the act of cutting the restrictions
and regulations that government
places on business
supply-side economics
an economic theory that proposes tax
cuts as a means of stimulating the
economy to produce more goods and
services
federal debt
the amount of money owed by the
government
quote
to repeat the words of another
theme
a subject or topic of a work
coalition
a group united for action
bankruptcy
the condition of being unable to pay
one’s debts; one’s property is
managed or sold to pay those to
whom one owes money
downsize
the practice of companies laying off
workers to become more efficient and
to increase their earnings
retain
to hold onto
site
location
grassroots movement
people at the local level organizing for
political action
deficit spending
the government spending more
money than it takes in
budget deficit
the amount by which government
spending exceeds revenue
gross domestic product
the value of all the goods and
services produced in a nation during
a one-year period
perjury
lying when one has sworn an oath to
tell the truth
adequate
enough
scope
range or area
terrorism
the use of violence by groups against
civilians to achieve a political goal
fundamentalist
a person who believes in the literal
meaning of religious texts and follows
strict obedience to religious laws
counterterrorism
military or political activities intended
to combat terrorism
insurgent
a person who revolts against civil
authority; rebel
levee
high walls or an embankment to
prevent flooding in low-lying areas
prior
earlier or before
definite
precise or well-defined
interdependent
reliant on one another
globalism
the idea that the world’s economies
and societies are all part of one big
system
trade deficit
the situation in which the value of a
country’s foreign imports exceeds the
value of its exports
free trade
the absence of trade barriers so that
goods flow freely among countries
urban sprawl
the spread of human settlements into
natural areas
acid rain
rain containing high amounts of
chemical pollutants from the burning
of fossil fuels
global warming
a steady increase in average world
temperatures
deport
to send out of a country aliens who
are considered dangerous
amnesty
the granting of pardon to a large
number of persons; protection from
prosecution for an illegal act
decade
a period of ten years
aware
mindful; to have knowledge of
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