Transcript Unit 2.2 Executive PPT

Executive Order on Guns
CNN Student
News
Warm-UP
On the half sheet of paper, do the
following:
1) Write one thing you learned
which you find interesting.
2) Write a second thing you
learned which you find
interesting.
3) Related to one of the stories,
write down a question which
pops up into your mind.
4) Write the most exciting thing
about your break.
Unit 2: Structure, Organization, and Functions
of the American Government
Legislative
National
Maryland/Local
Executive
National
Maryland/Local
Judicial
National
Maryland/Local
Executive Branch
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Roles & Responsibilities
Line of Succession
The Presidential Election: Then & Now
Presidential Powers
The Rest of the Executive Branch
Financing the Government
Foreign Policy
What do you think are the
Constitutional Qualifications
to be President?
What are the
3 Constitutional Qualifications
to be President?
•Must be 35 Years-Old
•Must have lived in the U.S. for 14 years
•Must be a natural born citizen
A Historical Perspective
Over the last 225 years, how do you think the role/position
of the President has changed?
18th and 19th century
- Some leaders were strong, but most stayed with
Congress (exceptions: Jackson and Bank, Lincoln at war)
20th and 21st century
- tended much more toward dramatic increase in power
Presidential Roles
What do you think are the different
roles of the President?
The “Hats” of the Presidency
Presidential Roles
The “Hats” of the Presidency
Formal Powers
of the President
Constitutional (or enumerated
powers) of the presidency
Found primarily in Article II of
the Constitution
Formal Powers:
1) Chief/Head of State
Seen as the leader
of the US gov’t
Some countries, the
Head of State is just
a figure head (i.e.
queens in England,
emperors in Japan)
– reigns but does not
rule
President of the US
reigns and rules General Douglas MacArthur and
Emperor Hirohito of Japan
Queen Elizabeth II of
England and Barack
Obama
Formal Powers:
2) Chief Diplomat
(Head of Foreign Affairs)
Chief spokes person
abroad & designs
American foreign policy
Appoint United States
ambassadors and
receives foreign
ambassadors
Make treaties but needs
Senate confirmation
JFK speaks at
Berlin Wall, 1963
President Bill Clinton
meeting with Israeli Prime
Minister Ehud Barak and
Palestinian Leader Yassar
Arafatat Camp David, 2000
President Harry S. Truman
"I sit here all day
trying to persuade
people to do the things
they ought to have the
sense to do without my
persuading them.
That's all the powers
of the President
amount to."
(1945-1953)
Formal Powers:
3) Chief Executive
“Faithfully execute” the
laws
Carries out the law
Seeks the opinion of
heads of executive
departments
Grant pardons for federal
offenses except for cases
of impeachment
President Bush holds cabinet meeting, Oct. 2005
Formal Powers:
Chief Executive (cont.)
Nominate judges of the Supreme Court and all
other officers of the U.S. with consent of the
Senate
Fill vacancies that may happen during recess of
the Senate
President Clinton appointed
Janet Reno as the
first female Attorney General,
February, 1993
Formal Powers:
4) Chief Administrator
Director of the
executive branch
Executive branch
employs 2.8 million
people
Mitt Romney and President Barack Obama
in the Oval Office in November, 2012
President John F. Kennedy
"No easy problem ever
comes to the President of
the United States. If they
are easy to solve, somebody
else has solved them."
35th President, 1961-1963
National television address during
the Cuban
Formal Powers:
5) Commander-in-Chief
Commander of all armed services
Includes Army, Navy, Air Force,
National Guard, etc.
Does use military advisors to help
make decisions, called the Joint Chiefs
of Staff
President George H. W. Bush
President Obama at the Pentagon, 2009
Formal Powers:
6) Chief Legislator
Give State of the Union address to Congress
Recommend “measures” to the Congress
Shapes Congress’s Agenda
Upon “extraordinary occasions” convene both
houses of Congress
President Bill Clinton delivers
the State of the Union Address, 1997
FDR signs into law the Social Security Act, 1935
Formal Powers:
Chief Legislator (cont.)
Can stop a bill using a Presidential Veto;
but Congress can override it with 2/3rd
majority of both houses
Veto Message within 10 days of passing the
House of origin
Line-item Veto: Executive Branch can
choose to veto specific parts of a bill and
pass the rest
Ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme
Court but some Governors have this power
Formal Powers:
Chief Legislator (cont.)
Veto Politics
Congressional override is
difficult (only 4%)
Threat of veto can cause
Congress to make changes in
legislation
Vetoes: A Historical Perspective
President
# of Vetoes
President
# of Vetoes
George Washington
2
FDR
635
Thomas Jefferson
0
Harry Truman
250
Andrew Jackson
12
Dwight Eisenhower
181
Ulysses S. Grant
93
JFK
21
Grover Cleveland
414; 170
LBJ
30
Theodore Roosevelt
82
Ronald Reagan
78
Woodrow Wilson
44
George H. Bush
46
Warren Harding
6
William J. Clinton
37
FDR
635
George W. Bush
12
Barack Obama
8
*2,550 Total; 1,502 (regular); 1,068 (pocket); 110 Overridden*
President Lyndon B. Johnson
If one morning I walked on top
of the water across the Potomac
River, the headline that
afternoon would read: 'President
Can't Swim.’
36th President, 1963-1969
Informal Powers
• Those powers not exactly written in the
Constitution (similar to “necessary and
proper” powers of Congress).
• In the Modern Era (since 1933), these
powers have greatly increased.
Informal Powers:
7) Political Party Leader
De facto (default) leader of his/her political party
President Reagan & Vice-president Bush accepting their parties nomination in 1980
Informal Powers:
8) Chief Citizen
“Representative of all the
people”
To fight for the interests
of the American people.
Presidential Roles overlap and most often
the President of the United States has
more than one hat on at any given
moment.