Transcript creation of the united states

CREATION OF THE UNITED
STATES
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SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and
diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.
a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources of the
Declaration of Independence; include the writing of John Locke and
Montesquieu, and the role of Thomas Jefferson.
b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and
foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the
Marquis de Lafayette.
c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader; include the
creation of a professional military and the life of a common soldier,
and describe the significance of the crossing of the Delaware River
and Valley Forge.
d. Explain Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis, and the Treaty of
Paris, 1783.
CREATION OF THE UNITED
STATES
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This unit examines the conflict and change associated
with the American Revolution, including the ideological
background of the Declaration of Independence.
Through the conceptual lens of beliefs and ideals, the
unit also focuses on early American documents including
the Articles of Confederation, Constitution, and the U. S.
Bill of Rights. The unit ends with the Presidencies of
George Washington and John Adams, which along with
the contributions of early American leaders such as
Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Alexander
Hamilton, show how individuals, groups, and
institutions affect societal change.
THE DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE
• 1.AN “ENLIGHTENED” DOCUMENT
• 2.WRITER: THOMAS JEFFERSON, WITH ADVICE
FROM JOHN ADAMS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, AND
OTHERS
• 3.BASED ON IDEAS OF ENGLISH PHILOSOPHER,
JOHN LOCKE, AND FRENCH PHILOSOPHER,
CHARLES MONTESQUIEU
• 4.ADDRESSED TO THE WORLD TO EXPLAIN
AMERICAN COLONISTS’ CAUSE AND EXPLANATION
OF KING’S VIOLATIONS OF RIGHTS
• 5. SEE QUOTE
• 6. ADOPTED: JULY 4, 1776
THE DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE
• 6.MAIN IDEAS
• 1)PEOPLE HAVE NATURAL RIGHTS, “LIFE, LIBERTY,
AND PROPERTY” (LIFE, LIBERTY AND THE PURSUIT
OF HAPPINESS)
• 2)UNALIENABLE RIGHTS (CANNOT BE TAKEN AWAY)
• 3)GOVERNMENT POWER-CONSENT OF THE
GOVERNED, FROM THE PEOPLE
• 4)RIGHT TO ALTER OR ABOLISH (CHANGE)
GOVERNMENT WHICH DOES NOT PROTECT
RIGHTS
• 7.RESULT: AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE AND
FORMATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
JOHN LOCKE
CHARLES MONTESQUIEU
THOMAS JEFFERSON
GEORGE WASHINGTON
GEORGE WASHINGTON
• 1.George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)
led the Continental Army to victory over the Kingdom of Great Britain
in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and served as the
first President of the United States of America (1789–1797).
• 2.The Continental Congress appointed Washington commander-inchief of the American revolutionary forces in 1775. The following
year, he forced the British out of Boston, lost New York City, and
crossed the Delaware River in New Jersey, defeating the surprised
enemy units later that year.
• 3.Extraordinary leadership:
• 1)reorganized army
• 2)secured additional equipment/supplies
• 3)started training program for recruits
THE CONTINENTAL ARMY
• 1.HARD LIFE
• 2.ENLISTMENTS, 2-3 YRS
• 3.STATE PAY AND CARE OF SOLDIERS
WAS BARELY SATISFACTORY
(HOUSING, PAY, FOOD, CLOTHING)
• 4.SOLDIER MORALE: LOW
CONTINENTAL ARMY
• The American Continental Army was an
army formed after the outbreak of the
American Revolutionary War by the
colonies that became the United States of
America. Established by a resolution of the
Continental Congress on June 15, 1775,
the army was created to coordinate the
military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in
their struggle against the rule of Great
Britain.
GEORGE WASHINGTON AND
THE CROSSING OF THE
DELAWARE
• 1. TURNING POINT, AM. REV.12.25.1776
• 2. SURPRISE ATTACK ON HESSIAN
(GERMANS) MERCENARIES FIGHTING
FOR GREAT BRITAIN
• 3.RIVER WAS CROSSED IN A
BLIZZARD.
• 4.PROVED CONT. ARMY COULD FIGHT
ANY EUROPEAN ARMY (BATTLE AT
TRENTON, NJ)
GEORGE WASHINGTON, VALLEY
FORGE, PENNSYLVANIA
• 1.WINTER, 1777-1778
• 2.BAD CONDITIONS FOR ARMY…LACK
OF FOOD, PAY, CLOTHING,
EQUIPMENT…DISEASE
• 3.DESPITE CONDITIONS, G.W. TURNED
ARMY GOOD INFANTRY
THE AMERICAN COLONIES AND
FRANCE
• 1.2ND TURNING POINT, ALLIANCE WITH
FRANCE
• 2.ACHIEVED BY BEN FRANKLIN
• 3.FR. FOUGHT WAR AGAINST GB UNTIL
COLONIES ACHIEVED INDEP.
• 4.GB WOULD HAVE TO FIGHT 2 FRONT
WAR…IN AMERICA AND IN EUROPE
• 5.FAMOUS FRENCHMAN, MARQUIS DE
LAFAYETTE
ALLIES
• Marie-Joseph Paul Yves
Roch Gilbert du Motier,
(formerly Marquis de
Lafayette or de La Fayette) (6
September 1757 – 20 May
1834) Lafayette was a general
in the American Revolutionary
War and a leader of the Garde
Nationale during the French
Revolution.
• In the American Revolution,
Lafayette served in the
Continental Army under
George Washington.
VICTORY OF THE AMERICAN
COLONIES
• 1.GB’S PLAN: COUNTER FRENCH
ALLIANCE BY MOVING WAR TO SOUTH
AND SEPARATING COLONIES
• 2.BRITISH LEADER: GEN. CHARLES
CORNWALLIS
• 3.SOME VICTORIES BY GB, BUT AM-FR
ALLIANCE WITH FR FLEET, DEFEATED
GB AT YORKTOWN, VA. (VIRGINIA)
• The Siege of Yorktown or Battle of Yorktown in 1781
was a decisive victory by a combined assault of
American forces led by General George Washington and
French forces led by General Comte de Rochambeau
over a British Army commanded by General Lord
Cornwallis. It proved to be the last major land battle of
the American Revolutionary War, as the surrender of
Cornwallis’s army (the second major surrender of the
war, the other being Burgoyne's surrender at the Battle
of Saratoga) prompted the British government to
eventually negotiate an end to the conflict.
SURRENDER AT YORKTOWN, VA
THE END OF THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION, 1775-1783
• TREATY OF PARIS, 1783
• The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3,
1783, and approved by the Congress of the
Confederation on January 14, 1784, formally
ended the American Revolutionary War between
the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Thirteen
Colonies of the United States of America, which
had rebelled against British rule starting in 1775.
PROVISIONS OF TREATY OF
PARIS, 1783
• 1.RECOGNITION OF USA
• 2.USA CONTROLLED LAND EAST TO
MISSISSIPPI RIVER.