Transcript Reconstruction Presentation

Reconstruction
Emancipation Proclamation, 1863
• "That on the first day of January, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixtythree, all persons held as slaves within any State
… in rebellion against the United States, shall
be…forever free; and the Executive Government
of the United States, including the military and
naval authority thereof, will recognize and
maintain the freedom of such persons, and will
do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any
of them, in any efforts they may make for their
actual freedom.
The War Ends
• The war ended on
April 9, 1865, when
Robert E. Lee
surrendered to
Union general
Ulysses Grant in the
small Virginia town
of Appomattox
Court House.
• President Lincoln is
assassinated on
April 14, 1865
while watching a
play.
• His vice-president,
southern Unionist
Andrew Johnson
takes over.
The secession of the South had cost the
United States 600,000 American casualties—a
whole generation of young men were killed in
the South. Land and livestock (farm animals)
had been destroyed. Southern towns had
been destroyed. Should the South be allowed
to return to the United States without any
punishment? Be ready to explain.
a. Yes
b. No
Why Reconstruction?
• Letting the South come back: easy or hard
punishments?
• Freedmen (former slaves): 4 million illiterate,
jobless and homeless blacks
• Reconstruction of destroyed southern cities
and infrastructure
Use the following video to fill in the
chart on Reconstruction. Then, use
the following slides to fill in anything
the video did not cover.
Reconstruction Plans for Readmittance
• Lincoln:
– 10% of voters oath of
allegiance (said they
would follow US laws)
– abolish slavery
– Pardon (forgiveness) to
all who took an oath
except for important
confederate political
and military leaders
• Johnson
– Same as Lincoln’s
except rich
southerners had ask
him for a pardon
(he didn’t like rich
southerners;
Johnson had been a
poor southerner)
• Radical Republicans
– Abolish slavery
– right to vote for
Blacks
– Take land from whites
and give it to
freedmen
– Republicans should
control the South
Republican Political Accomplishments
• 13th Amendment (1865): ends slavery
• 14th Amendment (1868): Citizenship to all
who are born in the U.S.
• 15th Amendment (1870): Black male suffrage
(right to vote)
Republican Political Accomplishments
• Freedmen’s Bureau:
provided food,
medicine and
education for blacks
and whites
• Reconstruction Acts of
1867 and 1868: South
under military control
until governments
could be set up
White Resistance
• Redemption: restore power
to native born whites
• Hated being governed by:
– freedmen: freed blacks
– carpetbaggers: northerners
who came to “exploit” the
South
– scalawags: white
southerners who
cooperated and worked
with Republicans
• Hated paying taxes for black
social programs
• Terrorist groups: Most
famous was the Ku
Klux Klan (KKK)
• Intimidated Blacks by
burning crosses and
buildings, beatings and
lynchings
• “Hooded horsemen”
who paid visits at night
As you watch the next video, answer the
following question on the margins of your
paper or on a separate piece of paper.
• How did members of the KKK justify the need
for their organization?
• Explain some of their tactics.
Republican Political Accomplishments
• 1868: Republican
presidential candidate
Ulysses Grant becomes
the 18th president
• Grant prosecutes
(takes to court) KKK
members
• Also sends the U.S.
Army to protect
freedmen from white
terrorist groups
Grant and White Terrorism
• As you watch the next video, answer the
following question on the margins of your
paper or on a separate piece of paper.
• Why and how did President Grant deal with
the rising problem of white terrorism?
Life for African Americans
• Families reunited:
Blacks now had
control over their
families and children
• Blacks move off of
plantations; churches
and schools become
the new centers for
community life
African
Americans hold
public office:
•Many serve
on state
legislatures
•Blanche K.
Bruce and
Hiram Revels
became U.S.
senators
A New Form of Servitude
• tenant farmers (paid rent)
and sharecroppers (paid
with crops)
– applied to both blacks and
poor whites
– crop liens: farmer’s forced to
do business only with the
person who let him borrow
supplies (subject to high
prices)
– peonage: debtors were
locked in to working a piece
of land until his debts were
paid off
– a form of slavery
• Voting Laws:
– grandfather clauses:
allowed whites to
vote without taking
literacy tests or
paying taxes, which
Blacks had to do
– literacy tests: very
difficult government
tests
– poll taxes: voting
taxes
“By the way, what’s that big word?”
Jim Crow Laws or Black
codes: Laws that
segregated (separated)
the races in the South
Plessy v. Ferguson:
Supreme Court case
declares that the
“separate but equal”
facilities were fair and
legal.
• Use the following video and slides to explain
the political cartoon on your answer sheet.
The Election of 1876
Republican
Rutherford B. Hayes
Democrat Samuel
Tilden
Electoral votes
(needed 185 to win)
Hayes: 165
Tilden: 184
•Louisiana, Florida
and South Carolina
were disputed (20
electoral votes total).
The Sell Out
• Republican leaders struck a
deal with the Democratic
leaders
• Hayes would get the 20
electoral votes in return for
removing the federal troops
from these states
• Racist Democrats would get
to run their states
• Reconstruction had no more
protection; Blacks felt
abandoned by the
government.
1. Whose Reconstruction plan called for the
redistribution of land?
a. President Lincoln’s
b. President Johnson’s
c. Radical Republicans
2. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped poor southern
blacks with all of the following EXCEPT:
a. food
b. medicine
c. entertainment
d. education
• 3. For what purpose did President Ulysses
Grant send U.S. troops into the South?
a. to readmit them to the Union
b. to make sure they enforced the 13th
Amendment
c. to protect freedmen from white terrorists
d. to recover debts owed to the government
4. White southerners hated being ruled by all of
the following groups of people EXCEPT:
a. freedmen
b. Democrats
c. Republicans
d. Scalawags
5. The Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson
said Jim Crow Laws were legal as long as they
provided...
a. separate but equal facilities
b. integrated and equal facilities
c. separate and integrated facilities
d. no segregation at all