Transcript The Cold War Continues

The Cold War Continues
Battles in Faraway Places in the
1950s
The Evolution of the Cold War
• 1946: The Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe
• 1949: Chinese Revolution installed Communist
government
• 1950 - 1953: Korean War
• Nuclear Arms Race…
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1945 US dropped atom bomb on Japan
1949 USSR developed atom bomb
1952 US developed hydrogen bomb
1954 USSR developed hydrogen bomb
USSR (1957) and US (1959) developed intercontinental
ballistic missiles to deliver bombs
The Spread of Cold War Conflict
• United States sponsored anti Soviet alliances:
– SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) - 1954
– Baghdad Pact (CENTO) – 1955
– OAS – Organization of American States, ca 1950
• Conflicts spread from Europe and East Asia to:
– Latin America
– Middle East
– Southeast Asia
Cold War, 1959
Current States with Nuclear
Weapons
Nuclear States: United States,
Russia…
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Britain – 1952
France – 1960
China - 1964
India – 1974
Pakistan - 1998
Israel?
North Korea?
Iran ?
Countries signing
Non Proliferation
Treaty in Red
Europe
• Hungarian Uprising – 1956
– US provided moral support but does not
intervene militarily
• Continued tension over the status of Berlin
Southeast Asia
The Beginnings of the Vietnam
Conflict
• Indochina had been a French colony occupied by
the Japanese during WWII
• French returned in 1946 and nationalists renewed
independence movement.
• 1954: French defeated at Dien Bien Phu and
country partitioned at 17th parallel between pro
Communist and anti Communist governments
• Elections for unified Vietnam were scheduled for
1956 and cancelled by South Vietnamese govt.
Vietnam
Vietnam in 1954
Vietnam
Middle East
Post World War II Middle East
• State of Israel created from portions of
Palestine by UN in 1948
• US, USSR, and European powers recognize
the state of Israel
• Surrounding Arab states did not recognize
Israel and declared war. 1948-1949
British
Mandate,
Palestine, 1920
Palestine
and
Transjordan,
1923
UN Partition of
Palestine, 1947
Israel, West
Bank, Gaza,
1949
Suez Crisis,
1956
Palestine,
1947
Jewish and
Arab
Population,
1946
Israel, Gaza,
West Bank,
1949
Spying and Counterinsurgency
• U2 Spy Plane shot down over USSR, Gary Powers
captured – 1960…but unknown to American people…
• Guatemala – 1954
– CIA sponsored a coup to overthrow Jacobo Arbenz Guzman who
had challenged the power of the United Fruit Company (Chiquita
Bananas)
• Iran – 1954
– CIA sponsored a coup to overthrew Mohammed Mossadegh. The
Shah of Iran took power and granted favorable trading relations
with American oil companies.
Cold War and Science
• Space Race:
– Soviets launched Sputnik satellite in 1957
– United States launched satellite in 1958
– United States created National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) - 1958
– United States passed National Defense
Education Act - 1958
The Militarization of American
Society
• Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956,
popularly known as the National Interstate
and Defense Highways Act
– Eisenhower promoted the bill for national
defense, e.g., to protect the country in the event
of invasion, and to carry troops.
Cold War, 1959