Transcript Marshall Plan poster of ship

The Post-War World
• What will the post- war economy look like?
– Role of women ( v. returning GI’s)
– Role of labor/strikes (Taft-Hartley Act)
– Military/Industrial complex
• GI Bill
– How does this change American society?
• Baby-Boomers
– What impact does the generation have? Will have?
• Growing Middle Class
– How does this impact govt.? Society?
• Growing Prosperity (6% pop./40% world wealth)
• Growing Productivity
• Sunbelt
– Where are the people going? Why?
• Suburbs and Urban Decay
1. What was the name of the US govt’s
program to retrain and educate returning
WWII veterans?
2. What was the name of the US govt’s
program to reconstruct and rebuild Europe
following WWII?
3. What does NATO stand for?
4. What was the name of the USSR’s
collective security alliance?
5. HUAC= Committee on _____ _____.
Couple looking at house
Couple looking at house
In postwar America, millions of families shopped for new houses in the country's burgeoning suburbs. In the
first decade after the Second World War, 4.3 million veterans used GI Bill loan provisions to purchase singlefamily residences. Many of these men and women were members of what Tom Brokaw, NBC's news anchor,
has called "the greatest generation." They survived the Great Depression, served in the war, and became
parents of America's baby boomers. (H. Armstrong Roberts)
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Cover Slide
The American
Pageant
Chapter 36
The Cold War
Begins, 1945-1952
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YALTA: 1945
Last meeting of the Big Three
Stalin joins fight against Japan
USSR gets Manchuria, Kuril, Sakhalin
What is it?
Pact? Agreement? Sell-out?
Is it Versailles?
Is it Munich?
Or…?
TRUMAN
•
•
•
•
•
TRUMAN REPLACES
FDR
VET OF WWI
MISSOURI
HIGH SCHOOL
EDUCATION
COMES TO POLITICS
AFTER FAILING AT
BUSINESS
WHO DOES
HE REMIND YOU OF?
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US V. USSR
US V. USSR
Churchill and Truman, "Iron Curtain Speech," March 5, 1946
Churchill and Truman, "Iron Curtain
Speech," March 5, 1946
On March 5, 1946, former British prime
minister Winston S. Churchill (1874–
1965) delivered a speech, which he
intended for a worldwide audience, at
Westminster College in Fulton,
Missouri. President Harry S. Truman
(right) had encouraged Churchill
(seated) to speak on two themes: the
need to block Soviet expansion and the
need to form the Anglo-American
partnership. Always eloquent and
provocative, Churchill denounced the
Soviets for drawing an "iron curtain"
across eastern Europe. This speech
became one of the landmark statements
of the Cold War. (Harry S. Truman
Library)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
New World Order (?)
• Nuremburg Trials: 1945
– Trial of Nazi and German Military Leaders
– Foundations of International Human Rights
• New Crimes:
– Crimes against Humanity
– Crimes against Geneva Convention
• Division of Germany among “Big Four”
–
–
–
–
US, UK, USSR, and France
East and West Germany
Four Power Division of Germany
“Checkpoint Charlie”
Map: Cold War Germany
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Cold War Germany
This map shows how Germany and Berlin were divided into occupation zones. Meant as temporary divisions, they became
permanent, transformed by the Cold War into East and West Germany. In 1948, with the Berlin airlift, and again in 1961,
with the erection of the Berlin Wall, Berlin became the flash point of the Cold War. With the end of the Cold War, the
division of Germany also ended. In 1989, the Berlin Wall was torn down, and in 1990 the two Germanies were re-unified.
Re-Building…
BRETTON WOODS: SAN FRANCISCO: 1945
•UN
1944
•Security Council
• IMF
•WHO
•UNESCO
• World Bank
•FAO
Map: The Global Cold War
The Global Cold War
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union faced each other as enemies. The United States attempted to
construct a ring of containment around the Soviet Union and its allies, while the Soviets worked to expand their influence
and power. This map shows the nature of this military confrontation - the bases, alliances, and flash points of the Cold War.
American Deterrence
“Containment Doctrine” George Kennan(AKA Mr. X)
Truman moves to “Get tough with Russia”
Truman Doctrine (and Domino Theory)
Marshall Plan
NATO
Found. CIA, NSA, Dept. of Defense, Selective Service
Marshall Plan poster of ship
Marshall Plan poster of
ship
The goal of the Marshall
Plan was to provide
American economic support
for the rebuilding of
Europe's economy. By the
time the plan ended, the
United States had provided
over $12.5 billion dollars to
those European nations
participating in the
European Recovery
Program. This poster
demonstrated that with
cooperation, Europe would
soon be moving forward
again. (Courtesy of George
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
TRUMAN DOCTRINE
AKA “DOMINO THEORY”
The peoples of a number of countries of the world have recently had totalitarian
regimes forced upon them against their will. The Government of the United
States has made frequent protests against coercion and intimidation, in
violation of the Yalta agreement, in Poland, Rumania, and Bulgaria. I must
also state that in a number of other countries there have been similar
developments.
At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose
between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one.
One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by
free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of
individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from
political oppression.
The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed
upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press
and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.
I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples
who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside
pressures.
The world is not static, and the status quo is not sacred. But we cannot
allow changes in the status quo in violation of the Charter of the United
Nations by such methods as coercion, or by such subterfuges as political
infiltration. In helping free and independent nations to maintain their
freedom, the United States will be giving effect to the principles of the
Charter of the United Nations.
…the disappearance of Greece as an independent state would have a
profound effect upon those countries in Europe whose peoples are
struggling against great difficulties to maintain their freedoms and their
independence while they repair the damages of war.
The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They
spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their
full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. We must
keep that hope alive.
The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their
freedoms.
If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world -and we shall surely endanger the welfare of our own nation.
American Food for Hungry Europe
American Food for Hungry Europe
Grateful English mothers line up for orange juice sent by the United States to assist
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Europeans devastated by the Second World War. (National Archives)
Berlin Air Lift--German children watching American planes bring food, 1948
Berlin Air Lift--German children watching American planes bring food, 1948
German children watching an American plane in "Operation Vittles" bring food and
supplies to their beleaguered city. The airlift kept a city of 2 million people alive for
nearly a year and made West Berlin a symbol of the West's resolve to contain the
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
spread of Soviet communism. ((c) Bettmann/Corbis)
What were the long-term
consequences of
the Berlin Airlift
and the Marshall Plan?