Transcript Unit 9 Onset of Cold War: The 1950`s and early 1960`s

Warm Up
Research and discuss common vocabulary
words. Write definitions and meanings
in the box.
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953 – 1961)
Rivalry with the
Soviet Union
promoted American
fears of communism.
How did the Cold War
Intensify or get
closer to a hot war?
Arms Race (1950’s) – following World War II the United States and
the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers. The U.S. and U.S.S.R.
faced off in an arms race where, for nearly 50 years they competed
to build the biggest and best equipped military forces. In the U.S.,
fear of nuclear attack prompted private citizens to build bomb
shelters and worry about nuclear disaster.
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=89od_W8lMtA
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=JYKsmLHtKmM
Go to your read-a-long page. Discuss
with your partner the following question:
What effect did the Arms
Race –vs- the Soviet Union
have on U.S. citizens?
McCarthyism (1950-1956) – term coined by political cartoonist Herbert Block
(Herblock) in a 1950 cartoon in reference to Senator Joseph McCarthy (R,
Wisconsin, 1947-1957). The fear of communism increased throughout the 1950s;
extreme opposition to communism gained the name “McCarthyism” from the
efforts of Senator McCarthy who, in 1950, announced that communists worked
in the State Department. He worked to identify known communists and accused
others based on association.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-s6xqd9T8w
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) – an investigative
committee of the U.S. House of Representatives created in 1938 to inquire
into subversive activities in the U.S. (It was abolished in 1975.) In the mid1940s, the committee focused its investigations on searching for communists
in the United States. Most famous for investigating Alger Hiss and for the
“blacklisting” of many Hollywood actors. Often inaccurately associated with
Joseph McCarthy, who was a Senator (not a member of the House); McCarthy
chaired the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations 1953-1954.
Humphrey Bogart & Lauren
Bacall en route to HUAC
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfKSykTPzA4
Venona Papers (1942-1945)– documents from a secret
joint project between the intelligence agencies of the
United States and the United Kingdom to decode Soviet
ciphers to reveal Americans involved in espionage.
Alger Hiss in Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary
Example
Alger Hiss had secretly been a Communist while in
federal service. Chambers had previously testified under
oath that Hiss had never been a Communist or a spy, and
Chambers would admit, under oath, to other instances
where he had committed perjury under oath
Go to your read-a-long page. Discuss
with your partner the following question:
What was the goal of the
HUAC and the Venona
Papers?
McCarthyism and the Red Scare
At the height of the Cold War, a paranoia known as the Red Scare swept across America.
Many upstanding citizens across the country were accused of being Communist or “reds”,
and were arrested and sometimes even brought before Congress for formal hearings. A
government committee known as the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) led
the witch hunt. Former President Harry Truman said of HUAC.
“I’ve said many times that the House Un-American Activities Committee in the House of
Representatives was the most un-American thing in America.”
Why do you think Truman had such strong feelings toward this organization?
Why might such an organization be dangerous?
McCarthyism Today?
What is the Domino Theory and how does it relate to the Containment Policy?
How does it relate to the U.S. getting involved in the Korean War?
Domino Theory (1950-1980)
– belief that if one country
fell to communism, many
others would follow;
therefore, it was crucial for
the U.S. to contain
communism.
Korean War (1951-1953) – Korea is a nation in northern Asia that was divided after
World War II into North Korea, occupied by Soviet troops, and South Korea,
occupied by U.S. forces. In 1950, following the withdrawal of the Soviet and U.S.
troops, communist North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China
(PRC) with aid from the Soviet Union, invaded South Korea, supported by the
United Nations. Public sentiment on American involvement differed greatly; some
felt the United States should not be involved in the war and others felt that the
United States should intervene in a decisive way to bring an end to the conflict
and to the expansion of communism. A cease-fire was signed in 1953.
General Douglas MacArthur, observes the
naval shelling of Incheon from the USS Mt.
McKinley, 15 September 1950.
With her brother on her back a war
weary Korean girl tiredly trudges by a
stalled M-26 tank, at Haengju, Korea
Korean War and its relationship
to the containment policy –
involvement in the Korean War
was primarily the result of efforts
by the U.S. to contain
communism. Caused by the
desire to contain communism
and the effect was an increased
tension with the Soviet Union.
U.S. troops preparing for the assault on Inch’ŏn during the
Korean War, September 1950
Outcomes – created more friction between the U.S. and the
U.S.S.R.; there was a growing concern for the domino effect and
spread of communism in Asia
The Korean War resulted in dividing North Korea and South Korea
at the 38th parallel; North Korea remained communist and South
Korea gained sovereignty.
Go to your read-a-long page. Discuss
with your partner the following question:
What were the long-term effects
of the division of North and
South Korea?
Discussion Questions
Let’s me introduce you to the people
of the Cuban Revolution:
Why do people call for
revolutions in their countries?
Fidel and
Raul Castro
Have we ever and do we now
take part in revolutions in other
countries?
Do you think that we will see a
revolution in the United States?
Revolution
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IqFxcwWv2Q
U.S/Cuban Relationship
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPlnGiS488s
Che Guevara, first general to Castro, his right
hand man. He was an Argentinean, Marxist,
guerilla fighter. Image now represents
revolution world wide.
Castro’s Cuban Revolution - The Cuban Revolution was an armed revolt conducted
by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement and its allies against the regime
of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. The revolution began in July 1953, and finally
ousted Batista on 1 January 1959, replacing his regime with Castro's revolutionary
government. Castro's government later reformed along communist lines, becoming the
present Communist Party of Cuba in October 1965.
Felgencio Batista
FIDEL CASTRO
AND NIKITA
KHRUSHCHEV
GO TO YOUR READ-A-LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH YOUR
PARTNER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:
Why did Fidel Castro’s Revolution in Cuba
give the United States cause for alarm?
Hint: Look at the map