Transcript Cold War

Agenda
• Go over WWII Test
• Connecting Dots: WWI, Red Scare/Roaring
20s, Depression, WWII, Cold War
• Notes
• Give U.S. F.P. Chart and assign term to each
group or Quiz Questions (5 matching/ 5 M.C.)
or Review Jeopardy
• HW: Rdg. Ch. 15, Sections 1 & 2; Chart term;
Scrapbook Project (Quiz next class?) …
Connecting the Dots
• What was the Bolshevik Revolution and how did it
help trigger the 1st Red Scare in the United States?
• What factors encouraged economic growth in the
1920s?
• How did the Roaring 20s lead to the Great
Depression?
• How did the Great Depression help trigger WWII?
• How did WWII lead to the origins of the Cold War?
Vietnamese Dec. of Independence
September 2, 1945
• Why do you think Ho Chi Minh based his speech of the U.S.
Dec. of Independence? What specific similarities are there
between the 2 documents?
• Why does Minh argue the Vietnamese deserve indep. From
the French? What does he accuse them of?
• Why might the U.S. have supported the Viet Minh during
WWII?
• When the Viet Minh nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, delivered
the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence on V-J Day,
American members of the OSS were in attendance. However,
over the coming months and years, the U.S. supported the
French re-colonization of Vietnam. What factors do you think
led to this shift in policy?
Opener Prompt
• What similarities were there between the U.S.
after WWI and after WWII?
Cold War
Part I: Reconstruction and
Confrontation
After WWII—Bi-Polar System
• World is divided into spheres of influence
between Soviet Union and U.S.
– What’s a sphere of influence
• A territorial area in which political and economic
control is wielded by one nation
Roots of the Cold War
• What is a Cold War?
– A continuing state of political conflict, military
tension, proxy wars, and economic competition
between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the
United States (Western World)
– Leads to Hot Wars…Korea/Vietnam, etc.
– Mutual distrust and suspicion between Soviet
Union and U.S./Western World
Causes of the Cold War--Economic
• Soviet Union
– Communism: econ.
Policy
– Working class will rise
against their oppressors
(capitalists) and establish
a society w/out classes
or divisions
– Spread worldwide
revolution
• United States
– Capitalism: econ. Policy
– private ownership; free
markets determine
production/prices
– How did Depression/WWII
influence U.S. econ. policy
during Cold War?
Causes of the Cold War--Political
• Soviet Union
– Communist Dictatorship
– Favor needs of state over
personal human rights
– Resent US/GB efforts to
crush Russian Revolution
(1918)
• United States
– Capitalist Democracy
– “Valued” freedom and
promote democracy
– Resent Nazi-Soviet NonAggression Pact
Causes of the Cold War—
Soviet Security Concerns
• U.S. hid secrets of Atomic Bomb…Triggers
Soviet Arms Build-up
• Soviets want control over Eastern European
States, Why?
– History of invasion from West thru Poland…
• Yalta/Potsdam: Soviets Promise Free Elections
– Post WWII: Stalin/Soviet army block free elections
• Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland
(Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine) become puppets of
Soviet Union
The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has
descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of
Central and Eastern Europe.
-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
Causes of the Cold War—
Stalin v. Truman
• Stalin
– Anger over lateness of
D-Day invasion
– Views U.S. as leader of
Imperial Powers
– Communism World Wide
• Truman
– Staunch Anti-Communist
– Colonialist
Truman’s Political Philosophy
• “One way of life is based upon the will of the majority,
and is distinguished by free institutions, representative
government, free elections, guarantees of individual
liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom
from political oppression. ”
• “The second way of life is based upon the will of a
minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies
upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and
radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal
freedoms. ”
• A speech by President Truman of the US (1947)
Causes of the Cold War—
Germany & Berlin
• Soviet Union
– Econ. Hurt by WWII,
want Germany to pay
reparations/strip
Germany of its resources
• United States/West
– Truman realizes German
industry essential to
Europe
– Prevent fall of Germany
to communism
Result: Split Germany as well
as Berlin into 4 sectors
(Soviet, U.S., British, and
French)
Goals of Two Sides
• Soviet & Eastern Bloc
Nations
– Spread Communism
World Wide
– Methodologies
• Espionage: KGB
• Nuclear Arms Race
• Compete for minds/
hearts of 3rd World
peoples—Proxy Wars
• Warsaw Pact
• U.S. & Western
Democracies
– “Containment” of
Communism
– Methodologies
• Espionage: CIA
• Nuclear Arms Race
• Compete for minds/
hearts of 3rd World
Peoples—Proxy Wars
• NATO
Summary
• “It was not just that the two ideologies were
conflicting - they were militant and
expansionist. They both believed that the
alternative ideology was a threat to their own
way of life, and that the only way for the
world to be happy was for their particular
ideology to take over the world. This mixture
of ideological fear and aggression meant that
in both America and Russia, their beliefs
invaded and affected their foreign policies.”
Early Cold War Policy
The Truman Years…
Containment
• Containment
– Response to Soviet
expansion in E. Europe
– Intro. by George
Kennan (1946)
– U.S. foreign policy
during the Cold War
– Goal: Limit the spread
of communism
Domino Theory
Truman Doctrine
• Truman Doctrine (1947)
– Offered $400 million in
economic and military
aid to Greece and
Turkey…Why?
• Why did this increase
tensions between U.S.
& Soviet Union (USSR)?
Marshall Plan
• Intro. by Sec. of State
George Marshall (1948)
• The U. S. should provide
aid to all European nations
that need it. This move is
not against any country or
doctrine, but against
hunger, poverty,
desperation, and chaos.
• $12.5 Billion in aid to W.
Europe…Why?
Berlin Blockade and Airlift
(1948-1949)
• One of the earliest conflicts of
Cold War
• Soviets block western access to
their zones in Berlin
North Atlantic Treaty Org. (NATO)
1949-Present
• Mutual defense/military alliance…Why?
• United States, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France,
Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal
• 1952: Greece & Turkey
• 1955: West Germany
Warsaw Pact (1955)
• Soviet Response to NATO
• U. S. S. R., Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania
Think, Pair, Share
• With your partner, answer the following
writing prompt. Provide a 3-4 sentence
response that describes President Harry
Truman’s foreign policy during the Cold War.
(What was his response to the “Communist
Threat?”)
1949—Red China
• Post-WWII: Civil War
resumes in China
– Communists (Mao
Zedong) v. Nationalists
(Chiang Kai- Shek)
– U.S. provides over $2.4
billion in aid and
weapons to Nationalists,
Why?
Chairman Mao
“The Reds Are Taking Over”
• 1949: China Falls to
Communism
– Mao Zedong
• 1949: Soviets launch
1st A-Bomb
• 1949: Strenuous
Chinese/Soviet
Alliance
• Significance of all
these events?
U.S. Concerns Increase
• Sheer physical size of Russia and China;
combined populations; threat to Containment
• Why did Japan become so important to U.S.
foreign policy?
• Why were U.S. fears probably misplaced?
Cold War Turns Hot: Korean War
• Pre WWII Korea:
– Invaded by Japan (1910)
• Post WWII Korea:
– Korea divided at 38th
parallel
– N. Korea
• Soviet backed govt. led by
Kim IL-Sung
– S. Korea
• U.S. backed govt. led by
Syngman Rhee
Korean War (1950-1953)
• June 25, 1950: N. Korea
invades S. Korea
– Soviets arm N. Koreans
– MacArthur views as challenge
to U.S.
– Why is S. Korea important to
U.S. strategically?
• N. Korean push US/S. Korean
& United Nations troops to
southern port of Puson
(9/1950)
Korean War (1950-1953)
• American counter attack at
Inchon…push N. Koreans up to
Chinese border…
– MacArthur’s Error… China Enters
the War
• UN troops force Chinese/N.
Koreans back to 38th Parallel
• MacArthur calls for use of
nuclear bomb
– Wants to expand into N.
Korea…publicly criticizes Truman
• Truman fires MacArthur
Panmunjon
• Peace Talks: 11/1951 to 7/1953
– 1/1953 Eisenhower becomes
President
– Stalin Dies…Comm. More willing to
negotiate
• War ends in Stalemate: 38th
Parallel
• 37,000 Americans die during
peace talks (53,000)
– Total S. K./UN Casualties: 900,000
(est.)
– Total N.K./Chinese Casualties: 1.5
million (est.)
– Civilian Casualties: 2.5 mill. (est.)
Impact of Korea
• 1st “Hot War of the Cold
War”
• Asia: 2nd Front Opened in
the Cold War
– SEATO; Support French in
Vietnam
• Truman: Exec. Order 9981
– Desegregated Military (1948)
• Birth of Modern Fighter Jet
& Helicopter
• Forgotten War
Exit Slip
• Discuss at least 3 causes of the Cold War.
• Describe 3 specific actions the United States
took to limit the spread of communism/Soviet
influence.
• What events contributed to the United States’
decision to enter the Korean War?
• How was the Korean War a microcosm
(symbolic) of the Cold War?
Analogy Flip Book
• Analogies, similes, and metaphors compare
two items that may not necessarily be related.
– Simile: expressed analogy (using “like” or “as”)
– Metaphor: implied analogy
• Examples:
– Reconstruction was like getting hired a fired in the
same week.
– Presidential Reconstruction was a slap on the
wrist for Southerners.
Analogy Flip Book
• Working with a partner (if you’d like)…come
up with an analogy for the Cold War or Korean
War.
– Your flip book must contain the following:
• 3 specific pieces of evidence to support your analogy
• Illustrations that help depict your main ideas
– Be prepared to present your analogy to the class
at the end of the period.