Transcript Chapter 30 - New Page 1

Textbook Pages 870-899
A Powerpoint Presentation by Mr. Zindman
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1.The Conservative Revolt
Ronald Reagan led a conservative revolt
against years of government expansion. In
two terms as President, he began to move
the nation in a new direction.
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Since the 1930’s
American
government has
grown steadily. The
past presidents felt
that government
should play a large
role in managing the
economy and
providing programs.
By the 1980’s,
conservatives led by
Ronald Reagan
believed that federal
social programs had
become too costly.
Reagan also felt that
federal regulations
has kept businesses
from growing.
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After decades of social
change, many conservatives
called for return to traditional
values. These included
religion, family, and patriotism.
Evangelical Christian churches
grew rapidly during the 1970’s
and 1980’s. Evangelists sought
out to convert people using
television to widen their
audience. In 1979 Jerry Falwell
founded the Moral Majority.
The group supported political
candidates who favored
conservative religious goals.
Jerry Falwell
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In 1980 Ronald Reagan defeated Jimmy
Carter for President. Reagan promised to
“make America great again.” He was
reelected in 1984 by an even wider margin.
The President’s first priority was his
program he called, Reaganomics.
Reagan’s persuaded Congress to cut
taxes. He hoped the taxpayers would use
the money to buy more and save more.
Reaganomics also involved cutting federal
spending and to slow the size of
government. Reagan slowed the spending
on social programs such as welfare and
aid to education. A third goal of
Reaganomics was deregulation, or
reduction of restrictions on businesses.
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I wish the
government
had a balanced
budget…Mr.
Reagan!
After a slow start the
economy was booming by
1982. When Reagan left office
their was 16 million more
jobs, while inflation was held
in check. Another of Reagan's
goals was a balanced budget.
A balanced budget requires
the government only as much
as it takes in. With the old War
tensions high, Regan still
spent more money on the
military. As military spending
rose, the budget deficit
jumped to an all time high of
240 billion dollars.
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George H.W. Bush won a
victory as President and
promised to continue
Reagan’s economic policies.
During his campaign Bush
said “Read my lips……No new
taxes!” Bush could not keep
his promise. He raised taxes.
Many banks gave out risky
loans that were not repaid.
Without bank loans the
economy slowed. Many
businesses cut costs by
downsizing, or reducing the
work force. These conditions
led to a recession, or an
economic slump that is milder
than a depression.
“Read my
lips……No
new taxes!”
George H.W. Bush
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Reagan and Bush appointed a total of five Justices
to the Supreme Court. Sandra Day O’Connor was
the first woman to serve on the court.
Sandra Day
O’Connor
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On election day
voters signaled
their
dissatisfaction
by electing Bill
Clinton as the
new President of
the United
States.
Bill Clinton
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President Clinton followed a middle –of-the-road course.
He convinced Congress to increase some taxes and
reduce spending. The federal deficit began a steady
decline. On the other hand Clinton pushed for bold
reform in the health care system. In 1994 more than 37
million Americans had no healthcare insurance. President
Clinton called for a national system of health insurance.
Clinton could not get his plan enacted through congress.
Senator Hillary Clinton,
President Clinton’s wife, is
currently trying to continue to
reform the health care system.
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Voter frustration helped the Republicans
win a resounding victory in the 1994
congressional elections. The
Republicans held he majority in both the
Senate and House of Representatives.
Newt Gingrich became the Speaker of
the House. Gingrich drew up a
“Contract With America.” This included
trimming social welfare programs,
reducing environmental regulations, and
cutting taxes. President Clinton was
unsuccessful in helping the poor and
middle class so he settled of balancing
the federal budget. By 20002 the
economy grew so strongly the
government reported a budget surplus,
in which income exceeded spending.
Newt Gingrich
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In 1996, Clinton easily won reelection. But controversy
over real estate dealings and lying under oath about a
relationship with a White House intern. The House
voted to impeach President Clinton. In February 1999,
Clinton was acquitted. All 45 Democratic senators
supported the President. All but five Republicans voted
to convict him.
The impeachment trial of
President Bill Clinton in
1999, Chief Justice William
H. Rehnquist presiding. The
House managers are seated
beside the quarter-circular
tables on the left and the
president's personal
counsel on the right, much
in the fashion of President
Andrew Johnson's trial.
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In the presidential election of 2000, the Republicans nominated
Texas governor George W. Bush, son of former President George
H.W. Bush along with Richard Cheney. Vice President Al Gore ran
for the Democrats. For his running mate he chose Senator Joseph
Lieberman of Connecticut. Gore won the popular vote but lost the
electoral vote by a narrow margin. With the Florida vote so close
the votes had to be recounted. After 46 days the Supreme Court
ordered the counting to be stopped. Gore conceded and Bush
became the winner. George W. Bush became the new President of
the United States.
Joseph
Lieberman
Al Gore
George W. Bush
Richard Cheney
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2. American Leadership in the New World
Despite the end of the Cold War, conflict still threatened many areas of
the world. The United States led the search for a new international
order that would bring stability and lasting peace to the world.
President Clinton and President Bush both promoted a global
democracy, or the process of spreading political freedom across the
world. With it comes economic freedom where companies would
compete in free markets. Sometimes the United States would use a
mediator to settle economic and political pressures. A mediator is an
agent that helps conflicting parties iron out their differences.
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In 1996, thousands of
Filipinos protested the rule
of dictator, Ferdinand
Marcos. Marcos was
charged with fraud in a
recent election. When the
people refused to recognize
Marcos as president
Marcos fled the country.
During the 1990’s the
United States provided
economic aid to the new
Filipino democracy.
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In 1989, after president Nixon's
historic visit, students and
workers launched a bold
campaign to bring democracy
to China. Many demonstration
in Beijing and Tiananmen were
crushed by the army. Many
people were killed or arrested.
President Bush took no action
against China. President Bush
visited China in 1998 pledging
to strengthen ties between the
two nations.
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The cause of global democracy
had its most dramatic success in
South Africa. Since 1948, the
government of South Africa
enforced the policy of apartheid,
or strict separation of races. The
nation’s nonwhite majority was
segregated and allowed no voice
in government. In 1986,
Congress approved economic
sanctions against South Africa to
force to apartheid. Sanctions are
measures designed to make a
country change its policy.
American countries were no
longer permitted to invest in
South Africa or import South
Nelson Mandela was the first President
African products.
of South Africa to be elected in fullyrepresentative democratic elections.
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After the Cold War, the former Soviet republics of Eastern Europe
struggled to adapt to their new freedom. The former communist
government in Russia sold off business to private enterprises. As a
result, inflation and unemployment rose in Russia. A civil war broke
out in Bosnia. Boris Yeltsin, the Russian President, tried to establish a
democracy in his country. The United Stated intervened to settle the
civil war with the Dayton Accord . The Dayton Accord stated that
Bosnia would become a single nation governed by two republics.
The Flag of
Bosnia
Boris Yeltsin
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The former Soviet Union collapsed as the world faced a new threat.
The threat of the spread of nuclear weapons. The United States and
Russia signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in 1991. In the
treaty the United States and Russia agreed to destroy one third of
their nuclear weapons. Soon afterwards began a nuclear arms race
between many other countries of the world. President Clinton tried to
take steps to contain the growing nuclear threat. The Clinton
administration drafted the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Its goal
was to end further testing of nuclear weapons.
A nuclear weapon
explosion
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3. The Spread of Regional Conflict
Conflict has troubled the Middle East, a region extending from
Asia across North Africa. Friction between religious groups
has led to violence has led to discord and violence. The United
States has supported the country of Israel in the Middle East.
The United States also has ties with the Islamic Arab nations,
such as Saudi Arabia, that help supply our country with oil.
A flag of Israel
A flag of Saudi Arabia
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In 1948 the Jewish people founded the Jewish state of Israel. The
United States and other nations quickly recognized the new nation.
Neighboring Arab nations refused to recognize Israel, instead they
attacked the country. The United States sent aid to Israel in the
1973 war. The members of OPEC became very angry. They cut off
shipments of oil to the United States. This caused oil prices to
shoot up. OPEC lifted the embargo in 1974. Egypt led by Anwar elSadat and Israel, led by Prime Minister Meacham Begin signed a
peace agreement in 1978. Israel was to give up the Sinai Peninsula
and Egypt was to recognize the state of Israel. This was called the
Camp David Accords.
OPEC logo
Prime Minister
Meacham Begin
Anwar el-Sadat
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The Palestinian Arab guerillas waged war on Israel.
Under Israeli rule the Palestinians had little rights in the
Israeli territories. Many Palestinians wanted to return
Israel’s land to the Palestinians. They supported the
Palestinian Liberation Organization or the PLO. After
years of fighting the United States convinced both sides
to come to an agreement.
Palestinian Liberation Organization
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The shah or ruler of Iran was dethroned and a religious leader, the
Ayatollah Khomeini took over Iran and forced the shah to flee Iran.
The Ayatollah was strongly anti-American and against democracy.
Ayatollah Khomeini
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In August 1990, Saddam Hussein sent 100,000 troops to invade oil rich
Kuwait. President Bush feared the invasion was the start of a greater plan to
get control of the Middle East Oil. President Bush sent troops to Saudi
Arabia. He also persuaded the United Nations to impose a trade boycott on
Iraq. These events led to the Persian Gulf War. In six weeks the Iraqis were
driven out of Kuwait. In spite of the end of the war Saddam Hussein continued
a chemical and biological weapons program. Hussein refused to cooperated
with weapons inspectors so a four day air strike was imposed on Iraq.
Persian Gulf War
Saddam Hussein
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After the 1960’s terrorism, or the deliberate use of violence to
spread fear and to achieve political goals. American, Northern
Ireland and Israel became the targets for terrorism. On
September 11, 2001 terrorists slammed two into the World Trade
Center and one into the Pentagon. A fourth plane crashed
Pennsylvania when the passengers fought back.
September 11, 2001
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