Transcript American Imperialism

Use Chapters 5 and 7 of textbook to define
these words
Chapter 5
Chapter 7
 Imperialism
 Militarism
 Yellow Journalism
 Nationalism
 Sphere of
Influence
 Propaganda
 Open Door Policy
 Guerrilla
 Espionage
 Reparations
American Imperialism
Today’s Standards
 US.22 Assess the causes of American imperialism in the late
19th and early 20th centuries, including the desire for raw
materials and new markets, yellow journalism, and the desire
to spread American democratic and moral ideals.
 US. 24 Describe the consequences of American imperialism of
the period, including the following events: (E, G, H, P)
 · annexation of Hawaii
 · Spanish-American War (Teller, Platt, and Foraker Acts)
 · Philippine Insurrection
 · Roosevelt Corollary
 · Panama Canal
What is Imperialism?

Stronger nations attempt to build on their empire
by dominating weaker nations

Believed that the more territory around the world
you controlled the more secure your nation would
be (military and economics)
Causes of Imperialism
General Causes
1.Need for Raw Materials, Extractive Economieseconomies that extract resources from other areas of
the world
2.Need for new markets to sell your products
3.Missionaries- teach non-Europeans how to be
civilized,(“White Man’s Burden”)
Effects of Imperialism
1. New Markets (Economic Growth)
2. Stronger Military (Military Occupation)
3. Unpopular Abroad
Assignment
 Make a multiflow cart showing the causes and
effects of Imperialism
America’s First Steps Towards World Power
1. Admiral Perry opens up Japan- sailed a fleet of
warships into Tokyo Bay and convinced Japan to
end its isolationism and sign trade agreement with
America
2. Purchase of Alaska from Russia- purchased by
Secretary of State William Seward for $7.2 million
called “Seward’s Folly” and “Seward’s Icebox”
but a few years later both gold and oil was
discovered there
3. Annexation of Hawaii- American sugar and
pineapple growers led by Samuel Dole overthrow
the Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani and had the US
annex the island
Today’s Standards
 US.22 Assess the causes of American imperialism in the late
19th and early 20th centuries, including the desire for raw
materials and new markets, yellow journalism, and the desire
to spread American democratic and moral ideals.
 US. 24 Describe the consequences of American imperialism of
the period, including the following events: (E, G, H, P)
 · annexation of Hawaii
 · Spanish-American War (Teller, Platt, and Foraker Acts)
 · Philippine Insurrection
 · Roosevelt Corollary
 · Panama Canal
Yellow Journalism
 Sensational news coverage by emphasizing crime and
scandal
 Mostly used by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph
Pulitzer
 Lead to an increase in newspaper sales
 Hearst decides US needs to be in a war so he can sell
more newspapers
Spanish America War
Background
• Who?
•Spain vs. America
Where?
•Philippines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies)
11
Background:
USA
Cuba
The Philippines
12
Causes of Spanish
American War
1. Cuban rebels start revolution against Spain for
independence
2. Hearst and other yellow journalists spread stories
about cruelty of Spanish soldiers
3. Hearst published supposed letter from Spain’s
ambassador to US that called President McKinley
weak and stupid
4. USS Maine Explosion
“You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war”
William Randolph Hearst
Assignment
 With a partner read the Who Sunk the Maine document. For
each section answer the following questions
1.
Who wrote or spoke the material?
2. What qualifications did that person have for making a
judgment?
3. What information did the person have about the situation?
4. What stake might that person have in the outcome of the
investigation?
 When you finish reading all of the sections answer this
questions
1.
Who or what do you think sank the Maine ? Why?
Effects of Spanish
American War
 Spanish American War ended in December 1898 with
signing of Treaty of Paris
1. US becomes a world power
2. America gains all of Spain’s former colonies including
The Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
3. Cuba wins independence, Teller Amendment stated that
U.S. could not annex Cuba
4. Platt Amendment- US gets control of Guantanamo Bay,
Cuba, Cuba had to sign special trade deals with USA
before troops would leave
Review Questions
 Use your notes and Chapter 5 of your textbook to
answer the following questions
1. What were two causes of American Imperialism?
What were two effects of American Imperialism?
2. Define yellow journalism.
3. What were two causes of the Spanish American
War?
4. What territories did America gain from Spain after
the Spanish American War?
Today’s Standards
 US. 24 Describe the consequences of American
imperialism of the period, including the following
events: (E, G, H, P)
 · annexation of Hawaii
 · Spanish-American War (Teller, Platt, and Foraker
Acts)
 · Philippine Insurrection
 · Roosevelt Corollary
 · Panama Canal
US and Latin American
 US after the Spanish
American War looked to take
a greater role of power in
Central and South America
 Considered them part of our
“Sphere of Influence”
 Roosevelt used “Big Stick
Diplomacy” when dealing
with Latin America
 Believed that America
needed a large army to
backup its demands of Latin
America nations
Panama Canal
 Roosevelt believed US
needed a canal through the
Isthmus of Panama to allow
the US Navy to travel from
one side of the country to
the other quickly
 Columbia refused to allow
the US to build a canal on
their land
 Roosevelt backed a
revolution that created the
nation of Panama in return
for the right to build the
canal
Panama Canal
 Took 35,000 workers 6 years
to construct the canal
 5,ooo workers died from
diseases and construction
accidents (especially
Malaria)
 Cut the travel distance for a
ship going from New York to
San Francisco by 8,000 miles
 US gave control of the canal
back to Panama on January
1, 2000
Assignment
 Get in your assigned group and
complete the Cartoon Analysis
Worksheet for your selected
Imperialism Cartoon
 Your group will explain your cartoon
and its meaning to the class
The Great War (WWI)
Today’s Standards
 US.26 Explain the causes of World War I in 1914 and
the reasons for the initial declaration of United
States’ neutrality.
 US.28 Identify and explain the impact of the
following events and people during World War I:
• Impact of trench warfare
• Use of new weapons and technologies
Causes of World War 1
1.
Nationalism- extreme belief in the superiority of your
country
2.
Tension among ethnic groups in multicultural nations
3.
Imperialism led to an Arms Race among European
nations
4.
Alliance linked nations and their defense together
5.
Assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand
and his wife by Serbian nationals led to a series of events
that caused the alliances to take effect
Assignment
 Make a bubble map showing the
causes of WWI
The Allies (Triple
Entente)
1. Great Britain
2. France
3. Russia
The Central Powers
1. Germany
2. Austria-Hungary
3. Ottoman Empire
Introduction to Modern
Warfare
 Both sides dug trenches
and used them to stage
their attacks
 New weapons (tanks,
machine guns, chemical
weapons) led to huge
increase in the casualty
totals in each battle
 Western Front- 450 miles
of trenches between
France, Belgium, and
Germany (deadliest spot
in the war)
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Stalemate
 Trench warfare led to a stalemate (no advantage
for either side) because the defensive weapons
were better than the offensive weapons
 One side would gain a few feet of territory and
than lose it a few days later
 Soldiers developed conditions like trench foot as a
result of standing in muddy ground full of bacteria
 “No Man’s Land” area between the trench where
most of the solders died when they had to “go
over the top” (2 million died in first few months of
the war)
Trench Foot
Assignment
 On the map handed out
 Use map on page195 to locate and label the following
countries
1. Great Britain
2. France
3. Germany
4. Russia
5. Italy
6. Serbia
7. Austria-Hungry
8. Ottoman Empire
Also label each country as either Allied or Central
Power
Today’s Standards
 US.26 Explain the causes of World War I in 1914 and the reasons
for the initial declaration of United States’ neutrality.
 US.27 Justify with supporting detail from text, the reasons for
American entry into World War I, including the use of unrestricted
submarine warfare by the Germans, the Zimmerman Note, the
defense of democracy, and economic motivations.
 US. 28 Identify and explain the impact of the following events and
people during World War I:
• Alvin C. York
 US.30 Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of
World War I on the home front, including the role played by
women and minorities, voluntary rationing, the Creel Committee,
opposition by conscientious objectors, and the case of Schenck v.
United States.
Three Groups of
American Opinion
about the War
1. Isolationists- War was not America’s
problem, and America should not become
involved
2. Interventionists- War did affect the nation’s
interests and America should join the Allies
3. Internationalists- “middle ground” US should
help the Allies but not fight in the war
US Pushed Towards War

Several events led to US involvement in WW1
1. US Banks had loaned millions of dollars to the Allies
2. Unconditional Submarine warfare by Germany on US
merchant ships
3. German U-boat sinks the passenger liner the Lusitania
killing 128 Americans
4. British agents intercept the Zimmerman Telegram in
which Germany asked Mexico to attack the US in
return for their former land in the western US
5. USA declares war on Germany after the Zimmerman
Telegram
Assignment
Put the following events in order using a flow map
 The United States Enter World War I
 World War I begins
 The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
and his wife by Serbian rebels
 Germany sends Mexico the Zimmerman
telegram
 The Sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boats
Building an Army
 Selective Service Act- draft of young men for military service
 By end of war 24 million had registered and 2.8 had been
drafted into service
 Many Americans resisted draft (12 percent of draftees refused
to report for service)
 Conscientious Objectors- people whose religious or moral
views do not allow them to fight in a war
 Schenck v. United States- Supreme Court case over the distribution of
antidraft pamphlets, distributors charged under espionage act
 Court ruled that first amendment did not apply because the actions
represented a crime and a “clear and present danger” to the nation
Alvin C York
 From Pall Mall, TN
 Originally was a
Conscientious Objector
 Won the Congressional
Medal of Honor for his
actions in the Battle of
Argonne Forrest
 Along with 16 other
Americans captured 32
German machine guns,
killed 28 Germans, and
captured 132 Germans
Today’s Standards
 US.30 Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications
of World War I on the home front, including the role played by
women and minorities, voluntary rationing, the Creel
Committee, opposition by conscientious objectors, and the
case of Schenck v. United States.
 US. 28 Identify and explain the impact of the following events
and people during World War I:
• Major turning points
• Herbert Hoover
• John J. Pershing and the American Expeditionary Force
• Doughboys
The Home Front
 The war had the following effects on the home front
1. War Industries Board- organized industries and farmers in the
production and distribution of war supplies (ex. weapons and food)
2. Propaganda Posters used by government to encourage
compliance with war effort and recruit volunteer soldiers (Creel
Committee on Public Information)
3. Women replaced men in factories
4. Great Migration- African Americans moved from the south to the
north to find work in factories (stayed in north after the war)
5. Rationing of goods at home like rubber and sugar
6. Selling of War Bonds to help pay for the war
Today’s Standards
 US.29 Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of
world leaders, including Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen
Points, and the causes and effects of the United
States’ rejection of the League of Nations on world
politics.
End of the War
 USA only engaged in major
combat in the war for eight
months (March 1918November 1918)
 War ended when the
Germans surrendered on a
railway car in Compiegne,
France on November 11,
1918
Wilson’s 14 Points
 President Wilson wanted a Peace Treaty based
on 14 key points some of the key ones were:
1. No secret alliances among nations
2. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas
3. The end of colonies around the world
4. Self-determination for all ethnic groups on what
nation they should belong to
5. League of Nations to peacefully settle disputes
and avoid future wars
Treaty of Versailles
1.Germany had to pay reparations (money for
losses during the war) to all allied nations
2.Creation of several new countries from land
formerly held by Germany, Russia, AustriaHungary, and the Ottoman Empire
3.Allies only agreed to one of President Wilson’s
suggestions (to create the League of
Nations)
Europe Before WW1
Europe After WWI
America Rejects the League of Nations
 Isolationists led by Republicans led by Henry Cabot
Lodge thought the League of Nations would entangle
America in European problems and opposed the
treaty (isolationists)
 America eventually signed a separate treaty with
Germany and never joined the League of Nations
(League of Nations weaken because of this)