Transcript ethnicity - presleygeography

ETHNICITY
Chapter 7
Ethnicity
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Ethnicity is identity with a group of people
who share the cultural traditions of a
particular homeland or hearth.
Comes from the Greek work ethnikos,
which means national.
Importance of Ethnicity
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Ethnic identity is immutable: we can not
choose to change it…it can be diluted, but
never completely disappears.
No global domination attempt…ethnic
groups are fighting with each other to
control specific areas.
Ethnicity is the protector of local diversity
and folk cultures.
Ethnicities in the U.S.
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Clustering of ethnicities can occur at two
scales.
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Particular regions of the country
Particular neighborhoods within cities
Hispanics
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Now the largest minority
38.8 million (of 288.4 million total)
13.4 % of U.S. population (July 1, 2002)
1in 3 Hispanics were under age of 18
Nearly 5 in 10 lived in central cities
21% were below poverty line
Hispanic kids represented 18% of all children,
30% of children in poverty
Hispanics
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Mexicans are the largest group—more than
60%
Puerto Ricans are second
Cubans third
Hispanic account for half of the growth in
our population; half of the growth in
Hispanic population is due to migration
Hispanics
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Half of Hispanics lived in California or
Texas.
¾ of Hispanics lived in the West or South.
Puerto Ricans live in NY, FL, NJ, PA
2/3 of Cubans live in FL
Hispanics can be any race.
Hispanics/Latinos
African-Americans
12.4 (12.9)% of U.S. population
 60% of African Americans live in 10 states:
NY, CA, TX, FL, GA, IL, NC, MD, MI, LA.
5 of these had more than 2 million each: NY,
CA, TX, FL and GA
54% of blacks live in the South, 19% in
Midwest, 18% in NE, and 10% in West
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African American
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More than half of blacks live in cities
(compared to ¼ of all Americans).
Detroit
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Blacks comprise ¾ of population
1/10 of Michigan’s population
Asian Americans
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11.9 million (4.2 %)
9% growth rate (fastest)
20% of the 11.9 million are Chinese
Filipinos are second largest
50% of Asians lived in 3 states: CA, NY,HA
49% in West, 20% in NE, 19% in South and
12% in Midwest
Asians
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57% of all the people reporting as Asian
lived in 10 states: CA, NY, HA, TX, NJ,
IL,WA, FL, VA, MA
44% of Asian and PI age 25 + had BA
degree or higher; 86 had at least HS
American Indian and Alaska Native
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4.1 million (1.5%)
Lowest annual income
Highest unemployment
Clustered in the West (43%), 31% in South,
17% in Midwest, and 9% in NE
Largest states: Alaska, Oklahoma, New
Mexico
African-American Migration Patterns
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Three major migration flows have shaped
the current distribution of African Americans
within the United States
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Immigration from Africa to the United States in
the 18th century
Immigration from the U.S. South to the northern
cities in the early 1900’s
Immigration from the inner cities to the suburbs
in the mid 1950’s to today
Forced Migration
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The first Africans to the United States were
brought as slaves in the early 1600’s
During the 1700’s, the British brought
around 400,000 slaves to the United States
In 1808, the United States banned
importing new slaves, but 250,000 were
brought in illegally
African Slavery
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The Spanish and Portuguese were the first
Europeans to engage in the slave trade
They would promise weapons to African
tribal leaders in exchange for slaves
One tribe would conquer a nearby tribe and
trade the captives for weapons
This began the triangular slave trade
Slavery continued
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Most British slaves went to the Caribbean
to work on sugar plantations
Most Portuguese slaves went to Brazil
Slaves brought to the United States mainly
stayed in the South, working on plantations
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Fewer than 5 percent of slaves went to the
United States
Slavery banned
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The United States became divided on the
issue of slavery
As new states were added to the U.S.,
slavery became an important issue
The Civil War was fought to prevent proslavery states from seceding from the
Union (1861-1865)
Slavery Banned
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Abraham Lincoln wrote the Emancipation
Proclamation in 1863
Congress passed the Thirteenth
Amendment to the Constitution after the
South surrendered
This amendment outlawed slavery
The aftermath
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Many African-Americans remained in the
South to work as sharecroppers
A sharecropper works on a rented field, and
pays the landowner by giving them a
portion of their crops
This system caused lots of debt, and kept
many African-Americans in poverty
Immigration to the North
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As sharecropping began to decline, many
African-Americans were pulled to the North
by the promise of industrial jobs
There were two large immigration waves:
before and after World War I, and before
and after World War II
Both wars caused a demand for industrial
products
In the ghetto
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When they arrived in the cities, there were
very few places they could afford to live
Many new immigrants clustered in small,
ethnic neighborhoods (Southside of
Chicago)
There was a high population density with
as many as 100,000 people per square
mile
Differentiating Race and Ethnicity
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The traits that characterize a race can be
transmitted genetically from parents to
children
Ethnicity is used to describe characteristics
of a particular group that shares a cultural
background
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Black is an example of race, and AfricanAmerican is an example of ethnicity
Ethnic Groups in the US
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Asian-American is considered to be a race
and an ethnicity
African-Americans do not all trace their
cultural heritage to Africa.
Hispanic or Latino is not considered a race.
The races, according to the US Census
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White
Black, AfricanAmerican, or Negro
American Indian or
Alaska Native
Asian Indian
Chinese
Filipino
Japanese
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Korean
Vietnamese
Other Asian
Native Hawaiian
Guamanian or
Chamorro
Samoan
Other Pacific Islander
Other race