Transcript 18-4 Notes - TeacherWeb

Chapter 18: Cold War
Conflicts
Section 4: Two
Nations Live on the
Edge
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California Academic Standards: 11.9.3
11.9 Students analyze U.S. foreign
policy since World War II.
.2 Understand the role of military
alliances, including NATO and
SEATO, in deterring communist
aggression and maintaining security
during the Cold War.
Objectives:
Following lecture and reading of this
section, students will be able to:
1. Explain the policy of brinkmanship.
2. Describe American and Soviet actions
that caused the Cold War to spread
around the world.
3. Summarize the impact of Sputnik and
the U-2 incident on the United States.

Brinkmanship
Rules U.S.
Policy
Soviets explode their own
atom bomb in 1949, their
weaponry is equal to ours
Race
for the H-Bomb
Differences
in bombs
Atomic Bomb
Dropped
on Hiroshima
and Nagasaki
Destroyed entire cities
Hydrogen
Bomb
1
million tons of TNT 67
times more powerful than
atom bomb.
Race to see which country
could develop bomb first.
November
1, 1952, U.S.
wins, exploding the first
H-bomb
9
months later USSR
explodes their first.
The Policy of
Brinkmanship
In the process of
development, Eisenhower
becomes President.
John Foster Dulles is named
as his Secretary of War.
Dulles
proposes to use all
force including nuclear
weapons to contain the
spread of Communism.
Brinkmanship- Willingness
to go to war against any
aggressor nation.
Under this policy, more
focus on air force to fly and
deliver bombs.
The
Cold War Spreads
Around the World
Reliance on CIA, spies to
gather information from
areas outside U.S.
CIA: covert (secret)
operations carried out to
weaken or overthrow
governments unfriendly to
the U.S.
Covert
Actions in the Middle
East and Latin America
1951,
Iran’s Prime Minister
Mossadegh seized control of
Iranian oil fields owned by
Britain.
Britain stopped buying
Iranian oil.
Iran’s
economy failed.
U.S. worried Mossadegh
would seek assistance from
USSR
1953, gave several million
$$$ to anti-Mossadegh
supporters and wanted the
Shah to return to power.
Shah
returned to
power and turned
over control of
Iranian oil to
western powers.
In
Latin America, CIA
trained an Army in
Guatemala, invaded and
took over, because the
president seemd to have
communist sympathies as
he seized 200,000 acres of
American-owned land and
gave it to the peasants.
The
Warsaw Pact
Tensions seized between
U.S. and USSR in 1953 after
death of Stalin
West Germany allowed to
rearm and join NATO in
1955.
USSR
worried so they form
Warsaw Pact, with 7 of the 11
satellite nations.
The
Geneva Summit
Eisenhower
proposes “open
skies” between U.S. and
USSR to guard against
surprise nuclear attacks.
USSR rejected proposal but
it was a move toward peace.
The
Suez War
Egypt
playing U.S. and
USSR against each other
for aid in building a dam
at Aswan on the Nile.
We pulled our loan offer
and upset Egypt’s leader,
Nasser.
He
nationalized the Suez
Canal, that was owned by
France and Britain and
refuse to allow ships
bound for Israel to pass.
The UN stepped in and
Egypt kept control of the
canal.
The
Eisenhower Doctrine
USSR
prestige in Middle
East rose because they
supported Egypt.
Eisenhower Doctrine:
U.S. to defend Middle
East against an attack by
any communist nation.
The
Hungarian Uprising
1956 Hungarians revolt for
democratic government
from USSR.
Imre Nagy, popular
communist leader, promised
free elections, denounced the
Warsaw Pact, and demanded
USSR troops leave Hungary.
USSR
crushes resistance,
Truman Doctrine not
implemented, Hungarians
disappointed
The Cold War Takes to the
Skies
Nikita Khruschev eventually
came to power after Stalin’s
death.
Khruschev
favored a
peaceful economical and
scientific competition.
The Space Race
10-4-57
USSR launches Sputnik,
first artificial satellite.
1-31-58 U.S. launches satellite
after first attempt a complete
failure.
U-2
Spy Plane Shot down
Even though “Open Skies”
was rejected by USSR, the
CIA began making secret
high-altitude flights over
soviet territory with the U-2
spy plane equipped with
infrared cameras to photo
troop movement and missile
sites.
Eisenhower
wants to end
flights, Dulles convinces one
more flight.
Last flight, piloted by Francis
Gary Powers was shot down.
Renewed Confrontation
The U-2 incident angered the
USSR and tensions between
the two super powers were
heated up once again.
 Two
Nations Live on the Edge
 During
the 1950s, the United States and the
Soviet Union come to the brink of nuclear
war.