Transcript Reconstruction

Reconstruction
American 1865 to 1877
Great Plains Review – Bellwork (1)
• What invention or agricultural practice do you
think made the biggest impact in settling the
Great Plains?
• What are some possible negative effects of
beef-cattle raising to the environment?
Great Plains Review- Bellwork (2)
• What were some of the climatic obstacles
farmers faced in settling the Great Plains?
• What impact did the railroad have on the life
of those in the Great Plains? On the economy
of the nation as a whole?
STANDARD USII.3A:
13TH,14TH, 15TH AMENDMENTS
The student will demonstrate knowledge
of the effects of Reconstruction on
American life by:
a) The
impact of the 13th, 14th,
and 15th Amendments to the
Constitution of the United
States.
What are the basic provisions of
the 13th, 14th, and 15th
Amendments to the
Constitution of the United
States?
The 13th, 14th, and 15th
Amendments of the United
States Constitution address the
issues of slavery, the guarantee
equal protection under the law
for all citizens, and voting rights
for former slave males.
13th Amendment
Bans slavery in the United States and all of its
territories.
14th Amendment
• Grants citizenship
to all persons born
in the U. S. A. and
guarantees them
equal protection
under the law.
15th Amendment
• ensures all citizens
the right to vote
regardless of race,
color, or previous
condition of
servitude.
Summary
Review Question:
• What does the 13th Amendment
state?
• What does the 14th Amendment Guarantee?
• What does the 15th Amendment Provide for?
• Are these Amendments important today?
WHY are they important today?
STANDARD USII 3B -- RECONSTRUCTION
The impact of Reconstruction policies on the
South and North.
• The Northern reconstruction policies were
harsh and created problems in the South.
• Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to
the freedom that former enslaved African
Americans had achieved.
What were the Reconstruction policies
for the South?
• Reconstruction policies and problems
• Southern military leaders could not hold office.
– Robert E. Lee and other generals could not be
governor, for example.
• African Americans could now hold public office.
– Former slaves became senators, mayors, etc.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
• African Americans
gained equal rights
as a result of the
Civil Rights Act of
1866, which also
authorized the use
of federal troops for
its enforcement.
Northern soldiers supervised the
South.
• Northern troops
were stationed
all across the
South to enforce
the new African
American rights.
The Freedman’s Bureau
• The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to aid
former enslaved African Americans in the South.
• Many white southerners did not like the
freedman’s Bureau. Why?
The Impeachment of President
Johnson by the Radical Republicans
In this corner…..
In this corner…..
VS.
President
JOHNSON!!!!!!!
Secretary of War
STANTON!!!!!
The Impeachment of President
Johnson by the Radical Republicans
• President Johnson and Secretary of War, Edwin
Stanton.
• Stanton was a radical republican, Pres. Johnson
was not.
The Impeachment of President
Johnson by the Radical Republicans
• The two said negative words about each other
to people in public and in private.
• Pres. Johnson fired Stanton, and the radical
republicans in the House of Representatives
did not like it at all.
The Impeachment of President
Johnson by the Radical Republicans
• So, to force Pres. Johnson to do what the radical
republicans wanted, the House of
Representatives IMPEACHED Pres. Johnson.
• The U.S. Senate held the trial as
directed in the U.S. Constitution.
• The Senate found Pres. Johnson
INNOCENT by ONE vote!
Impeachment (Definition)
• im·peach·ment
• (in Congress or a state
legislature) the presentation of
formal charges against a public
official by the lower house, trial
to be before the upper house.
The Impeachment of President
Johnson by the Radical Republicans
• The radical republicans were mad, but the
President won.
• The radical republicans would pass bills to make
reconstruction tough on the south, president
Johnson would VETO them.
The Impeachment of President
Johnson by the Radical Republicans
The WINNER IS …..
President JOHNSON!!!!!!!
The Impeachment of President
Johnson by the Radical Republicans
• The House and Senate would then OVERRIDE
the veto (66% or more on a re-vote of the law).
• The radical republicans got what they wanted,
to hurt the south…even though it was not what
Pres. Johnson wanted.
Carpetbaggers
• Carpetbagger – someone from
the north who came south to
take advantage of the poor
economic situation in the south.
– Cared only for themselves at the
expense of others!
• Southerners resented Northern
“carpetbaggers,” who took
advantage of the South during
Reconstruction.
Black Codes
• Black Codes – whites used these as a way of
limiting the basic human rights and civil
liberties of blacks.
• Southern states adopted Black Codes to limit
the economic and physical freedom of former
slaves.
Armed White Man’s Leaguer and Ku Klux Klan
Member Shake Hands [Over] a cowed African
American Family (October 1874)
http://www.csub.edu/~gsantos/img0053.html
Black Codes – Jim Crow Laws
• Jim Crow was the name of the racial caste
system between 1877 and the mid-1960s.
• Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid antiblack laws. It was a way of life.
Black Codes – Jim Crow Laws
• There was no Jim Crow
• a reference to the
character “Jim Crow” that
was a racist stage
depiction of a poor and
uneducated rural black
• blanket term for any of
this type of oppressive
legislation following
Reconstruction
Jim Crow Laws - Examples
• Blacks could not offer their hand to shake to
males and never to females!
• Blacks could show no public affection to each
other.
• Blacks were introduced to whites not whites to
blacks.
• Blacks enter the BACK door of a house
Jim Crow Laws - Examples
• Blacks could never comment on the appearance
of a white female, accuse a white of lying or do
anything that implies that whites would be
inferior
• Whites were to be addressed as ‘sir’, ‘boss’,
‘cap’n’ while blacks could be called ‘boy’, ‘uncle’
or worse, never Mr. or Mrs.
– ‘Auntie’, ‘wench’ or ‘lady’ were applied to black ladies
• Blacks could never look a white in the eyes and to
do so could constitute an assault, “Reckless
Eyeballing” and an arrestable offense.
Black Codes – Jim Crow Laws
• Under Jim Crow, African Americans were
relegated to the status of second class
citizens.
• Jim Crow represented the legitimization of
anti-black racism.
Local Prices for Breaking Jim Crow
Laws (from the Wall Street Journal, 1901)
Local Prices for Breaking Jim Crow
Laws (from the Wall Street Journal, 1921)
Local Prices for Breaking Jim Crow
Laws
State
White
Black
Total
Louisiana
56
335
391
Maine
1
0
1
Maryland
2
27
Michigan
7
Oregon
20
1
21
Pennsylvania
2
6
8
29
South Carolina
4
156
160
1
8
South Dakota
27
0
27
Tennessee
47
204
251
141
352
493
Alabama
48
299
347
Arizona
31
0
31
Minnesota
5
4
9
Arkansas
58
226
284
Mississippi
42
539
581
California
41
2
43
Texas
Missouri
53
69
122
Colorado
65
3
68
Utah
6
2
8
Montana
82
2
84
Vermont
1
0
1
Delaware
0
1
1
Nebraska
52
5
57
Virginia
17
83
100
Florida
25
257
282
Nevada
6
0
6
Washington
25
1
26
Georgia
39
492
531
New Jersey
1
1
2
West Virginia
20
28
48
Idaho
20
0
20
New Mexico
33
3
36
Wisconsin
6
0
6
Illinois
15
19
34
New York
1
1
2
Wyoming
30
5
35
Indiana
33
14
47
North Carolina
15
86
101
Iowa
17
2
19
North Dakota
13
3
16
Kansas
35
19
54
Ohio
10
16
26
1,297
3,446
4,743
Kentucky
63
142
205
Oklahoma
82
40
122
Total
The Numbers Don’t Lie…..
Why Were They Lynched?
Number
Homicides
Percent
1,937
40.84
Felonious Assault
205
4.32
Rape
912
19.22
Attempted Rape
288
6.07
Robbery and Theft
232
4.89
85
1.79
All Other Causes
1,084
22.85
Total
4,743
100.00
Insult to White Person
“BAD DEAL”
End of
Reconstruction
The Election of 1876
Compromise over the outcome of the
election of 1876.
• 20 electoral votes were in dispute:
– Florida
– Louisiana
– South Carolina
FL
• Each party reported its candidate had won the
state.
• Oregon - one elector was declared illegal (as
an "elected or appointed official") and
replaced.
Compromise over the outcome of the
election of 1876.
• election of 1876 was one of the most disputed
presidential elections in American history.
• Samuel J. Tilden of New York won the popular
vote over Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes.
• Tilden had 184 electoral votes to Hayes' 165,
with 20 votes uncounted.
Compromise over the outcome of the
election of 1876.
• The 20 disputed electoral votes were
ultimately awarded to Hayes after a bitter
legal and political battle, giving him the
victory.
End of Reconstruction
• Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a
compromise over the outcome of the election of
1876.
Rutherford B. Hayes
Samuel Tilden
-Won popular vote
-Cut “The Bad
Deal” to become
President!
-Was elected IN
CONGRESS
Film clip on the election of 1876
www.united streaming.com
from
Compromise over the outcome of the
election of 1876.
• Many historians believe that an informal deal
was struck to resolve the dispute: the
Compromise of 1877.
• Known as “The Bad Deal.”
The Dark Days of Oppression Begin
• Once the Union soldiers leave the South, the
Jim Crow Laws become all-powerful!
The Dark Days of Oppression Begin
• African American rights are trampled, and the
progress in race relations are lost!
• African Americans lives in many ways are now
WORSE than under slavery!
Compromise over the outcome of the
election of 1876.
• In return for the
Democrats' agreeing
to Hayes' election,
the Republicans
agreed to withdraw
federal troops from
the South, ending
Reconstruction.
Compromise over the outcome of the
election of 1876.
• The Compromise effectively ended African
American rights, and Jim Crow laws spread
across the South.
STANDARD USII.3C –
LINCOLN, LEE, DOUGLASS
c) describing the legacies of Abraham
Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Frederick
Douglass.
STANDARD USII.3C –
LINCOLN, LEE, DOUGLASS
What were the lasting
impacts of the actions
of Abraham Lincoln,
Robert E. Lee, and
Frederick Douglass?
Abraham Lincoln
• Reconstruction plan
calling for reconciliation
– He Did NOT want harsh
treatment of the South!
• Preservation of the
Union was more
important than
punishing the South!
– Wanted to rebuild society
quickly to heal people’s
anger.
Robert E. Lee
• Urged Southerners to
reconcile with Northerners
at the end of the war and
reunite as Americans when
some wanted to continue
to fight .
• Became president of
Washington College, which
is now known as
Washington and Lee
University.
Frederick Douglass
• Fought for adoption of
constitutional
amendments that
guaranteed voting
rights.
• Was a powerful voice
for human rights and
civil liberties for all.
STANDARD USII.3C –
LINCOLN, LEE, DOUGLASS
What were the lasting
impacts of the actions
of Abraham Lincoln,
Robert E. Lee, and
Frederick Douglass?