Transcript Chemistry and Classes of Fire

United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Chemistry and Classes of Fire
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Class Objectives
1.
Identify the elements of the fire triangle and fire tetrahedron.
2.
Explain the principle of the fire triangle and fire tetrahedron as
applied to extinguishing a fire.
3.
Identify the characteristics of the four classes of fire and the agents
used to extinguish them.
4.
Identify procedures to prevent fire.
5.
Explain the relationship between teamwork and procedures to
prevent fire.
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The Fire Triangle
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The Fire Tetrahedron
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General Principles of Fire
Triangle/Tetrahedron
X
Remove any one element –
Extinguish the fire!
X
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Methods of Removal
Remove Oxygen
Fire is smothered through
application of:
• CO2
• Aqueous Film Forming
Foam (AFFF)
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Methods of Removal
Remove Fuel
Prevents additional fuel
from contacting fire:
• Close fuel oil supply lines
• Jettisoning burning
aircraft over side of carrier
• Move combustible
materials to a safe area
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Methods of Removal
Remove Heat
Lower the temperature of
the fire by using:
• Water
• AFFF
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Methods of Removal
Interrupt Chemical
Reaction
Interrupt the chemical
reaction by using:
• Halon
• Potassium Bicarbonate
(PKP)
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Classes of Fire
Class A
Characteristics:
• Involves solid materials (wood,
paper, cloth, etc.)
• Leaves ashes or embers
• Identified by white smoke
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Classes of Fire
Class A
Extinguishing Agents:
1. Water
•
•
•
Most common and available
agent
Extinguishes fire by reducing
heat
Applied as a:
–
–
High Velocity Fog
Solid Stream
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
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Classes of Fire
Class A
Extinguishing Agents:
1. CO2
•
•
•
Smothers the fire by
displacing Oxygen
Most effective in small
confined spaces
Does NOT prevent reflash
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Classes of Fire
Class B
Characteristics:
• Involves flammable liquids and
gasses
– Fuel Oil
– Kerosene
– Liquid Paint
• Identified by heavy black
smoke
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Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
1. AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming
Foam)
•
•
•
•
A solution made of seawater
and AFFF concentrate
Forms a liquid foam blanket
and vapor tight seal over a
burning liquid
Smothers the fire by cutting
off the oxygen supply
Prevents reflash
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Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
2. Potassium Bicarbonate (PKP)
dry foam
•
•
•
•
•
Extinguishes by interrupting
the chemical reaction
Most effective on small fires
Designed for metallurgical
fires
Destroys electrical circuitry
Does NOT prevent reflash
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Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
3. Water Fog
•
•
Very effective, but must be
applied directly to the area to
be cooled
Straight stream is ineffective
for extinguishing Class B
fires
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Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
4. Halon 1301
•
•
•
Colorless, odorless gas
Extinguishes fire by
interrupting chemical reaction
Does NOT prevent reflash
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Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
5. CO2
•
•
•
Smothers the fire by
displacing Oxygen
Most effective in small
confines spaces
Does NOT prevent reflash
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Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
6. APC (Aqueous Potassium
Carbonate)
•
Picture illustrates what happens when a standard
fire extinguisher is used on a grease fire.
•
•
•
Used in the ship’s galley to
extinguish burning cooking
oil and grease
A soap like solution
Smothers the fire
Prevents reflash
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Classes of Fire
Class C
2
7
3
8
4
9
5
1 0
N
6
Characteristics:
• Involves electrical equipment
• Electrical power should be
secured before attacking fire
• Identified by blue smoke, arcs,
and sparks.
O
1
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Classes of Fire
Class C
Extinguishing Agents:
1.
CO2
2.
Water Fog
3.
PKP
•
•
Use only as a last resort
Will completely damage
electrical equipment because
of corrosion
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Classes of Fire
Class D
Characteristics:
• Involves combustible metals and
hazardous materials
• Magnesium (aircraft landing
gear, wheels, & engine parts)
• Flares
• Titanium (aircraft engine parts
and fire walls)
• Sodium
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Classes of Fire
Class D
Extinguishing Agents:
1.
Jettison
2.
Low Velocity Water Fog
•
•
NEVER use a solid stream of
water of a Class D fire
Burning magnesium will
break down a solid stream of
water into hydrogen and
oxygen and cause an
explosion!
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Fire Prevention
1.
Keep working and living area clean.
2.
Keep electrical appliances in good
working order – and don’t overload
outlets.
3.
Safeguard all flammable products.
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Summary & Review
Fire Triangle
OXYGEN
FUEL
HEAT
Fire Tetrahedron
X
X
Chemical
Reaction
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Summary & Review
Burning Wood, Cloth, or Paper
Burning Fuel, Oil, or Kerosene
DBAC
Electrical Fire
Burning Metal or Hazardous
Material
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Summary & Review
Extinguishing a CLASS A Fire
WATER
CO2
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Summary & Review
Extinguishing a CLASS B Fire
•
•
•
•
•
•
AFFF
PKP
Water
Halon
CO2
APC
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Summary & Review
Extinguishing a CLASS C Fire
CO2
WATER FOG
PKP
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Summary & Review
Extinguishing a CLASS D Fire
JETTISON
LOW VELOCITY FOG
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Questions?