Chp 3 PPT - Fort Bend ISD

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Transcript Chp 3 PPT - Fort Bend ISD

Chapter 3-3,3-4, 3-5
The Growth of a Young Nation
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Manifest Destiny- Occurred in the 1840’s
when expansion fever swept the country
 The belief that the United States was
ordained to expand to the Pacific Ocean
and into the Mexican and Native American
Territory.
 Land a great attraction for settlers.
 Merchants and manufacturers sought new
markers.
 Many moved after the Panic of 1837,when
banks closed and many lost their money
when banks closed their doors
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Trails West
 Santa Fe Trail- one of the trails west that
stretched from Independence, Missouri to
Santa Fe, New Mexico.
 Oregon Trail- stretched from
Independence, Missouri to Oregon City,
Oregon
The Growth of a Young
Nation
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 The Mormon Migration Mormons founded by Joseph Smith in
New York in 1827; the group moved
several times to escape persecution;
Mormons settled in Salt Lake City, Utah
 Brigham Young took over leadership of
Mormons after an anti-Mormon mob
tarred and feathered Joseph Smith.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Texan Independence
 Texas at this time a Mexican territory and
Mexico wanted to make the land secure so
they urged American’s to live in Texas with
the promise of cheap land.
 A prominent leader of these colonists was
Stephen F. Austin.
 Cultural issues arose between Mexico and
the Americans as the colonists wanted
slaves and Mexico had already abolished
slavery.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 In 1833 Stephen F. Austin traveled to
Mexico to ask their President, Santa
Anna for the right for the Americans to
govern themselves.
 Santa Anna imprisoned Stephen F.
Austin, suspended local powers in Texas;
several rebellions broke out which led to
the Texas Revolution.
 When Austin returned in 1835 he saw
war as the only recourse or option.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 “Remember the Alamo”
 Lieutenant Colonel William Travis moved his
men into the Alamo, a mission and for in
San Antonio
 Travis believed that control of the Alamo
was key to Mexico’s advancement North.
 From February 23, 1836 to March 6, 1836
Santa Anna attacked the Alamo. All of its
defenders were killed.
 March 2, 1836; the Texans declare their
independence from Mexico
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Later in March Santa Anna killed 300
Texans at Goliad which infuriated the
Texans.
 Six weeks after the Texans defeat at the
Alamo, Sam Houston, leader of the rebels
led the Texans in a victory against the
Mexicans at San Jacinto.
 “Remember the Alamo!” was their battle cry.
 Colonists captured Santa Anna and made
him sign the Treaty of Velasco which
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 In 1844 Texas joined the United States;
this annexation approved by President
James K. Polk who was a slaveholder.
 Conflict between northern and southern
states as Texas was a slave state.
 Mexico angered by the Texas annexation.
 Conflict with Mexico over Texas’ border.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 President James K. Polk tried to
negotiate with Mexico for California and
New Mexico to no avail.
 President Polk further angered Mexico by
siding with Texas over the border dispute
and sent soldiers to cement the
boundary. A battle that President Polk
won.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 In 1845, John C. Fremont led soldiers
into Mexico’s California in response
Mexican soldiers killed U.S. soldiers in
Texas.
 In 1846, New Mexico fell to the U.S. led
by Stephen Kearny; several upper-class
New Mexicans wanted to join the United
States and New Mexico fell to the U.S.
without a fight.
 In June of 1846, American forces led by
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 February 2, 1848- U.S. and Mexico sign
the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which
established the Rio Grande as the
boundary with Texas and ceded New
Mexico and California to the U.S.
 U.S. paid 15 million to Mexico which
included present-day California, Nevada,
New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and
parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 The Gadsden Purchase- established the
current borders of the contiguous 48
states.
 California Gold Rush- Gold was
discovered in California.
 The world took notice and people moved
to California and droves.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Market Revolution- when people bought
and sold goods rather than make it for
themselves.
 Buying and selling in the 1840’s rose
more than it had in previous decades.
 The quickening pace coincided with the
growth of free enterprise, which is the
freedom of private businesses to operate
competitively for profit with few
government regulations.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 In their pursuit of profit, businessmen
called entrepreneurs invested their
money in new industries. These
businessmen stood to lose it all if they
failed but if they succeeded they stood to
gain substantial rewards.
 In 1837, Samuel B. Morse patented the
telegraph which sent messages in code
over a wire in a matter of seconds. This
aided businesses tremendously.
The Jeffersonian Era
 The Market Revolution lowered prices,
produced better goods, improved
transportation and communication.
 The North became more industrialized.
 The South agricultural.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Lowell Textile Mills- A mill in Lowell,
Massachusetts; owners wanted women
workers as they could pay them lower
wages than men. Lowell was a hard
place to work and the owners had little
sympathy for their workers.
 Strikes at Lowell- workers organized a
strike, or work stoppage to protest work
conditions but the strikes were all to no
avail.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Immigrants came to the U.S. in droves
from Europe between 1830 and 1860.
 Many Irish immigrants fled to the U.S.
after the Great Potato Famine led to
mass starvation.
 The Irish immigrants faced discrimination
as they were Roman Catholic, and
because of their willingness to work as
cheap labor.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Amidst growing labor unrest trade unions
joined together to form the National
Trades’ Union. Their efforts were first
hampered by courts stating their strikes
were illegal.
 In 1842, the workers received a break as
the Massachusetts Supreme Court
supported the workers right to strike in
the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 A spiritual awakening swept the nation
after 1790; this movement emphasized
individual responsibility for salvation, and
that people could improve themselves
and society.
 These religious ideas closely linked to
ideas of Jacksonian democracy that
stressed the importance and power of the
common person.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 The Second Great Awakening- Widespread
Christian that lasted from the 1790’s to the
1830’s.
 Primary Forum was the revival meeting which
would last for days.
 Unitarians- growing religious group that stressed
the faith in the individual.
 Unitarian Minister Ralph Waldo Emerson
developed a policy of transcendentalism, which
emphasized that truth could be discovered by
observing nature and relating it to your religious
experience.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 African-American slaves heard the same
sermons and heard the same songs as their
masters and interpreted the stories,
especially the exodus from Egypt, as a
promise of freedom.
 In the 1820’s abolition, a movement to end
slavery had taken hold.
 William Lloyd Garrison- radical white
abolitionist established the Liberator, an
anti-slavery paper which demanded
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Frederick Douglass- escaped from
bondage who became an outspoken
critic of slavery.
 Douglass was sponsored by Garrison
who believed that slavery should be
abolished by any means necessary.
Douglass wanted slavery abolished
without violence.
 Douglass began his own paper, the North
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Frederick Douglass
The Growth of a Young
Nation
The number of slaves owned varied
throughout the south. Most worked as
house servants, farm hands, or in the fields.
Some states allowed slaves to be
manumitted, or enabled them to purchase
their freedom.
Some slaves rebelled against their condition,
one of those slaves was Nat Turner, a
Virginia slave that led a revolt that killed 60
whites. Turner and many of his followers
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 The Turner rebellion frightened slaveowners. Some wanted emancipation,
others wanted to tighten their restrictions
on slaves. They even used the Bible to
grant validity to their beliefs.
 Women at this time also mobilized for
reform by participating in the abolitionist
movement, and they got involved in the
temperance movement, which was a
movement to prohibit the drinking of
alcohol.
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Work for abolition and temperance
accompanied gains in education for
women.
 In the 1800’s more opportunities for
women arose.
 Prudence Crandall- opened a school for
girls, and African-American girls. Crandall
was forced to close this school due to
opposition.
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia
The Growth of a Young
Nation
 Seneca Falls Convention of 1848- attended
by more than 300 women. These women
wrote a resolution stating that women
should have the right to vote.
 African-American Women found it difficult to
gain recognition of their problems.
 Sojourner Truth- former slave who spoke at
a women’s convention in 1851 that Black
women were not weak and that they were
feminine.
The Growth of a Young
Nation