Slides from Lecture 12 - Courses - University of California, Berkeley

Transcript Slides from Lecture 12 - Courses - University of California, Berkeley

Coldfusion and PHP introduction
University of California, Berkeley
School of Information Management
and Systems
SIMS 257: Database Management
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 1
Lecture Outline
• Review
– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion
– DiveShop in ColdFusion
• PHP
– DiveShop in PHP
• More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 2
Lecture Outline
• Review
– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion
– DiveShop in ColdFusion
• PHP
– DiveShop in PHP
• More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 3
Dynamic Web Applications 2
Web
Server
Internet
Files
CGI
DBMS
Server
database
database
database
Clients
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 4
Server Interfaces
SQL
HTML
DHTML
Web Server
JavaScript
Native
DB
Interfaces
Database
Web DB
CGI
App ODBC
Web Server
API’s
ColdFusion
Native DB
interfaces
JDBC
PhP Perl
Web Application
Server
Adapted from
John P Ashenfelter,
Choosing a Database for Your Web Site
IS 257 – Fall 2005
Java
ASP
2005.10.17 SLIDE 5
Web Application Server Software
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ColdFusion
PHP
ASP
All of the are server-side scripting
languages that embed code in HTML
pages
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 6
Lecture Outline
• Review
– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion
– DiveShop in ColdFusion
• PHP
– DiveShop in PHP
• Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 7
Web Application Server Software
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ColdFusion
PHP
ASP
All of the are server-side scripting
languages that embed code in HTML
pages
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 8
ColdFusion
• Developing WWW sites typically involved
a lot of programming to build dynamic
sites
– e.g. Pages generated as a result of catalog
searches, etc.
• ColdFusion was designed to permit the
construction of dynamic web sites with
only minor extensions to HTML through a
DBMS interface
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 9
ColdFusion
• Started as CGI
– Drawback, as noted above, is that the entire
system is run for each cgi invocation
• Split into cooperating components
– NT service -- runs constantly
– Server modules for 4 main Web Server API
(glue that binds web server to ColdFusion
service) {Apache, ISAPI, NSAPI, WSAPI}
– Special CGI scripts for other servers
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 10
What ColdFusion is Good for
• Putting up databases onto the Web
• Handling dynamic databases (Frequent
updates, etc)
• Making databases searchable and
updateable by users.
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 11
Requirements
• Unix or NT systems
• Install as SuperUser
• Databases must be defined via “data
source names (DSNs) by administrator
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 12
Requirements and Set Up
• Field names should be devoid of spaces. Use
the underscore character, like new_items
instead of "new items."
• Use key fields. Greatly reduces search time.
• Check permissions on the individual tables in
your database and make sure that they have
read-access for the username your Web server
uses to log in.
• If your fields include large blocks of text, you'll
want to include basic HTML coding within the
text itself, including boldface, italics, and
paragraph markers.
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 13
Templates
• Assume we have a database named
contents_of_my_shopping_cart.mdb -- single
table called contents...
• Create an HTML page (uses extension .cfm),
before <HEAD>...
• <CFQUERY NAME= ”cart"
DATASOURCE=“contents_of_my_shopping_car
t"> SELECT * FROM contents ;
</CFQUERY>
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 14
Templates cont.
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<HEAD>
<TITLE>Contents of My Shopping Cart</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Contents of My Shopping Cart</H1>
<CFOUTPUT QUERY= ”cart">
<B>#Item#</B> <BR>
#Date_of_item# <BR>
$#Price# <P>
</CFOUTPUT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 15
Templates cont.
Contents of My Shopping Cart
Bouncy Ball with Psychedelic Markings
12 December 1998
$0.25
Shiny Blue Widget
14 December 1998
$2.53
Large Orange Widget
14 December 1998
$3.75
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 16
CFIF and CFELSE
<CFOUTPUT QUERY= ”cart">
Item: #Item# <BR>
<CFIF #Picture# EQ"">
<IMG SRC=“generic_picture.jpg"> <BR>
<CFELSE>
<IMG SRC="#Picture#"> <BR>
</CFIF>
</CFOUTPUT>
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 17
More Templates
<CFQUERY DATASOURCE = “AZ2”>
INSERT INTO Employees(firstname, lastname,
phoneext) VALUES(‘#firstname#’, ‘#lastname#’,
‘#phoneext#’) </CFQUERY>
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Employee Added</TITLE>
<BODY><H1>Employee Added</H1>
<CFOUTPUT>
Employee <B>#firstname# #lastname#</B> added.
</CFOUTPUT></BODY>
</HTML>
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 18
CFML ColdFusion Markup Language
• Read data from and update data to databases
and tables
• Create dynamic data-driven pages
• Perform conditional processing
• Populate forms with live data
• Process form submissions
• Generate and retrieve email messages
• Perform HTTP and FTP function
• Perform credit card verification and authorization
• Read and write client-side cookies
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 19
ColdFusion Diveshop
• Examples from Fusion
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 20
Lecture Outline
• Review
– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion
– DiveShop in ColdFusion
• PHP
– DiveShop in PHP
• More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 21
PHP
• PHP is an Open Source Software project
with many programmers working on the
code.
– Commonly paired with MySQL, another OSS
project
– Free
– Both Windows and Unix support
• Estimated that more than 250,000 web
sites use PHP as an Apache Module.
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 22
PHP Syntax
• Similar to ASP
<HTML><BODY>
<?php
$myvar = “Hello World”;
echo $myvar ;
?>
</BODY></HTML>
• Includes most programming structures (Loops,
functions, Arrays, etc.)
• Loads HTML form variables so that they are
addressable by name
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 23
Combined with MySQL
• DBMS interface appears as a set of
functions:
<HTML><BODY>
<?php
$db = mysql_connect(“localhost”, “root”);
mysql_select_db(“mydb”,$db);
$result = mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM employees”, $db);
Printf(“First Name: %s <br>\n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “first”);
Printf(“Last Name: %s <br>\n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “last”);
?></BODY></HTML>
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 24
Diveshop PHP
• Examples on Dream…
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 25
ASP – Active Server Pages
• Another server-side scripting language
• From Microsoft using Visual Basic as the
Language model (VBScript), though
Javascript (actually MS Jscript) is also
supported
• Works with Microsoft IIS and gives access
to ODBC databases
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 26
ASP Syntax
<%
SQL="SELECT last, first FROM employees
ORDER BY last"
set conn = server.createobject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.open “employee"
set people=conn.execute(SQL)
%>
<% do while not people.eof
set resultline=people(0) & “, “ & people(1) & “<BR>”
Response.Write(resultline)
people.movenext
loop%>
<% people.close %>
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 27
Lecture Outline
• Review
– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion
– DiveShop in ColdFusion
• PHP
– DiveShop in PHP
• More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 28
Today
• More on SQL and SQLPlus for data
manipulation and modification
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 29
SELECT
• Syntax:
– SELECT [DISTINCT] attr1, attr2,…, attr3 as
label, function(xxx), calculation, attr5, attr6
FROM relname1 r1, relname2 r2,… rel3 r3
WHERE condition1 {AND | OR} condition2
ORDER BY attr1 [DESC], attr3 [DESC]
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 30
CREATE SYNONYM
• CREATE SYNONYM newname FOR
oldname;
• CREATE SYNONYM BIOLIFE for
ray.BIOLIFE;
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 31
SELECT Conditions
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= equal to a particular value
>= greater than or equal to a particular value
> greater than a particular value
<= less than or equal to a particular value
<> not equal to a particular value
LIKE ‘%wom_n%’ (Note different wild card)
IN (‘opt1’, ‘opt2’,…,’optn’)
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 32
Aggregate Functions
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COUNT(dataitem)
AVG(numbercolumn)
SUM(numbercolumn)
MAX(numbercolumn)
MIN(numbercolumn)
STDDEV(numbercolumn)
VARIANCE(numbercolumn)
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 33
Numeric Functions
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ABS(n)
ACOS(n)
ASIN(n)
ATAN(n)
ATAN2(n, m)
CEIL(n)
COS(n)
COSH(n)
IS 257 – Fall 2005
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EXP(n)
EXP(n)
FLOOR(n)
LN(n)
LOG(m,n)
MOD(n)
POWER(m,n)
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ROUND(n)
SIGN(n)
SIN(n)
SINH(n)
SQRT(n)
TAN(n)
TANH(n)
TRUNC(n[,
m])
2005.10.17 SLIDE 34
Character Functions returning character values
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CHR(n)
CONCAT(char1,char2)
INITCAP(char)
LOWER(char)
LPAD(char, n,char2),
RPAD(char, n,char2)
• LTRIM(char, n, cset),
RTRIM(char, n, cset)
IS 257 – Fall 2005
• REPLACE(char, srch,
repl)
• SOUNDEX(char)
• SUBSTR(char, m, n)
• SUBSTRB(char, m, n)
• TRANSLATE(char,
from, to)
• UPPER(char)
2005.10.17 SLIDE 35
Character Function returning numeric values
• ASCII(char)
• INSTR(char1,
char2[,m, n])
• INSTRB(char1,
char2[,m, n])
• LENGTH(char)
• LENGTHB(char)
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 36
Date functions
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ADD_MONTHS(dt, n)
LAST_DAY(d)
MONTHS_BETWEEN(d1, d2)
NEW_TIME(d, z1, z2) -- PST, AST, etc.
NEXT_DAY(d, dayname)
ROUND(d, fmt) -- century, year etc.
SYSDATE
TRUNC(d, fmt) -- century, year, etc.
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 37
Conversion Functions
• CHARTOROWID(char)
• CONVERT(char, dchar,
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TO_NUMBER(char,fmt
schar)
)
• HEXTORAW(char)
• TO_MULTIBYTE(char)
• RAWTOHEX(raw)
• TO_SINGLE_BYTE(ch
• ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)
ar)
• TO_CHAR (date, fmt)
• TO_DATE(char, fmt)
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 38
Create Table
• CREATE TABLE table-name (attr1 attr-type
CONSTRAINT constr1 PRIMARY KEY, attr2 attrtype CONSTRAINT constr2 NOT NULL,…, attrM
attr-type CONSTRAINT constr3 REFERENCES
owner.tablename(attrname) ON DELETE
CASCADE, attrN attr-type CONSTRAINT
constrN CHECK (attrN = UPPER(attrN)), attrO
attr-type DEFAULT default_value);
• Adds a new table with the specified attributes
(and types) to the database.
– NOTE that the “CONSTRAINT and name parts are
optional)
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 39
Create Table
• CREATE TABLE table-name (
attr1 attr-type PRIMARY KEY,
attr2 attr-type NOT NULL,
…, attrM attr-type REFERENCES
owner.tablename(attrname) ON DELETE
CASCADE,
attrN attr-type CHECK (attrN =
UPPER(attrN)
attrO attr-type DEFAULT default_value);
– Without “CONSTRAINT” and name parts
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 40
Types
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VARCHAR2(size)
NUMBER(p, s)
LONG -- long char data
DATE -- from 4712BC to 4714 AD
RAW(size) -- binary
LONG RAW -- large binary
ROWID -- row reference
CHAR(size) -- fixed length characters
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 41
Alter Table
• ALTER TABLE table-name ADD attr1 attrtype;
• ALTER TABLE table-name ADD attr1
CONSTRAINT xxx constrainvalue;
• ALTER TABLE table-name MODIFY attr1
optiontochange;
• ALTER TABLE table-name DROP COLUMN
attr1;
• Adds, drops or modifies a column in an
existing database table.
– Note: constrainvalue is any column constraint like
‘PRIMARY KEY’, REFERENCES, etc.
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 42
INSERT
• INSERT INTO table-name (attr1, attr4,
attr5,…, attrK) VALUES (“val1”, val4,
val5,…, “valK”);
• OR
• INSERT INTO table-name SELECT col1,
col2, col3 as newcol2, col4 FROM xx, yy
WHERE where-clause;
• Adds a new row(s) to a table.
IS 257 – Fall 2005
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DELETE
• DELETE FROM table-name WHERE
<where clause>;
• Removes rows from a table.
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 44
UPDATE
• UPDATE tablename SET attr1=newval,
attr2 = newval2 WHERE <where clause>;
• changes values in existing rows in a table
(those that match the WHERE clause).
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 45
DROP Table
• DROP TABLE tablename;
• Removes a table from the database.
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 46
CREATE INDEX
• CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX indexname
ON tablename (attr1 [ASC|DESC][, attr2
[ASC|DESC], ...])
• Adds an index on the specified attributes
to a table
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 47
System Information In ORACLE
• Find all of the tables for a user
– SELECT * FROM ALL_CATALOG WHERE
OWNER = ‘userid’;
– SELECT * FROM USER_CATALOG; (or CAT)
• Show the attributes and types of data for a
particular table in SQLPlus
– DESCRIBE tablename;
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 48
Running commands
• Create file with SQL and SQLPlus
commands in it.
– Use a plain text editor and NOT a word
processor (or save as text only)
• Give the file the extension .sql
• From inside SQLPlus type
– START filename
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 49
Simple formatting in SQLPlus
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SET PAGESIZE 500
SET LINESIZE 79
PROMPT stuff to put out to screen
TTITLE “title to put at top of results pages”
COLUMN col_name HEADING “New
Name”
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 50
Outputting results as a file…
• SPOOL filename
• Commands
– everything that you see is copied to the file
until…
• SPOOL STOP
– File will be created with everything between
the SPOOL commands
IS 257 – Fall 2005
2005.10.17 SLIDE 51

Slides from Lecture 12 - Courses - University of California, Berkeley

Transcript Slides from Lecture 12 - Courses - University of California, Berkeley

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