Transcript Document
Domestic Policy 16 Video: The Big Picture http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SH ARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_Ch 16_Domestic_Policy_Seg1_v2.html 16 Learning Objectives 16 16.1 Trace the stages of the policy-making process 16.2 Describe health policy in the United States Learning Objectives 16 16.3 Outline education policy in the United States 16.4 Explain energy and environmental policy in the United States Learning Objectives 16.5 16 Assess the ongoing challenges in U.S. domestic policy. Video: The Basics http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_ SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg2_ SocialPolicy_v2.html 16 Roots of Domestic Policy in the United States Evolution of Health Care Policy Evolution of Education Policy Evolution of Energy and Environmental Policy A Model of the Policy-Making Process 16.1 Evolution of Health Care Policy National Marine Service (1798) First federal health care service New Deal efforts Opposed by the American Medical Association President Bill Clinton Universal Health Coverage defeated Number of uninsured rose dramatically President Barack Obama Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 16.1 Video: In Context http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_ SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_ SocialPolicy_v2.html 16.1 Evolution of Education Policy 16.1 Post-Revolutionary War Legitimizing democratic institutions through education Immigration Era Assimilation via education Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Ended segregation of public schools Outcome and Standards-Based Education No Child Left Behind Race to the Top Who was John Dewey? 16.1 How did Title IX Change Education? 16.1 Evolution of Energy and Environmental Policy Industrialization and Conservation Abundant coal and oil Teddy Roosevelt and the U.S. Forest Service Environmental Protection Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, Earth Day 1970 Oil Dependency OAPEC and OPEC Speed limits, fuel efficiency standards Climate change concerns Greenhouse gases and global warming 16.1 A Model of the Policy-making Process Agenda Setting Deciding which issues to discuss Policy Formulation Crafting of proposed courses of action Policy Adoption Approval of a policy proposal Policy Implementation Process of carrying out public policies Policy Evaluation Did policy achieve its goals? 16.1 FIGURE 16.1: What Are the Stages of the Public Policy Process? 16.1 How Does Government Identify Public Policy Problems? 16.1 16.1 Throughout our history, education has been viewed by political actors as a means to: a. Legitimize democratic institutions b. Facilitate assimilation c. Ensure equality d. All of the above 16.1 16.1 Throughout our history, education has been viewed by political actors as a means to: a. Legitimize democratic institutions b. Facilitate assimilation c. Ensure equality d. All of the above 16.1 Health Policy Today Medicare Medicaid Health Insurance Public Health 16.2 Medicare Created in 1965 For people 65 and older Part A Covers hospitalization Part B Optional; covers doctors visits, outpatient services Part C Medicare Advantage, covers gaps Part D Optional drug benefit 16.2 Medicaid Created in 1965 For people poor and disabled Must meet eligibility requirements Low-income National and state government Federal block grants cover 50-75% 50 million Americans covered in 2010 $400 billion 16.2 Health Insurance 16.2 Rising Costs Technology advances Americans living longer Health care per capita costs 1970 $356 per capita 2013 $9,349 per capita 10 percent of Americans account for 63 percent of all health care costs Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Ensures access to either private insurance or governmentrun exchanges State have challenged the program FIGURE 16.2: Where Do American Health Expenditures Go? 16.2 Public Health 16.2 Tools to protect public health: Immunizations, education, advertisements, regulation Gardasil debate Medical Research National Institutes of Health Obesity Public health priority: 2/3 of adults and 1/3 of children are overweight or obese How Does the Government Promote Public Health? 16.2 TABLE 16.1: What do Americans think about health insurance reform? 16.2 16.2 Which part of Medicare is optional and covers doctor’s visits and other outpatient services? a. Medicare Part A b. Medicare Part B c. Medicare Part C d. Medicare Part D 16.2 16.2 Which part of Medicare is optional and covers doctor’s visits and other outpatient services? a. Medicare Part A b. Medicare Part B c. Medicare Part C d. Medicare Part D 16.2 Explore Social Policy: Is Health Care a Public Good? 16.2 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_oconnor_mpslag _12/pex/pex16.html Explore the Simulation: You Are an OMB Staff Member 16.2 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_longman_media _1/2013_mpsl_sim/simulation.html?simulaURL=19 Education Policy Today No Child Left Behind Act Federal Aid to Higher Education 16.3 No Child Left Behind Act Accountability Standardized tests, report cards, reorganization Flexibility Schools can tailor expenditures to meet their needs Proven methods for quality outcomes Best practices School Choice Vouchers for private or other public schools Charter schools 16.3 What Are Charter Schools? 16.3 Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist Seg4.SocialPolicy.v2.mp4 16.3 Federal Aid to Higher Education 16.3 Research grants and financial assistance to students Military academies Access to college Student debt load Grants College Cost Reduction and Access Grant Stafford fixed interest rate Repayments capped at 10% of income 16.3 No Child Left Behind can force schools to reorganize under which of its four tenets: a. Accountability b. Flexibility c. Proven methods of outcomes d. School choice e. None of the above 16.3 16.3 No Child Left Behind can force schools to reorganize under which of its four tenets: a. Accountability b. Flexibility c. Proven methods of outcomes d. School choice e. None of the above 16.3 Energy and Environmental Policy Today Energy Policy Environmental Policy Climate Change 16.4 Energy Policy 16.4 President Obama’s budget “All of the above” approach encourages development of alternative energies Oil and other fossil fuels U.S. has 2 percent of world’s oils reserves but consumes 20 percent of the world’s oil Natural gas extraction Problems with groundwater contamination Consumption Energy efficiency requirements for cars, buildings FIGURE 16.3: Where Do U.S. Oil Imports Come From? 16.4 FIGURE 16.4: How Does the United States Generate Electricity? 16.4 Environmental Policy 16.4 National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 Required environmental impact statements when the government proposed a project Clean Air Act of 1970 Established national primary and secondary air quality standards Clean Water Act of 1972 Goal: make all surface water “swimmable and fishable” by 1985 Climate Change 16.4 Difficulties for comprehensive federal reform Exact impact unknown State efforts California – 30 percent reduction in automobile emissions Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) – a cap and trade agreement among nine states Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) – require set amounts of electricity from alternative sources How can governments encourage Americans to go green? 16.4 16.4 Federal environmental policy 16.4 has taken a backseat lately to this: a. Economic recovery b. The need to wean the U.S. from foreign oil c. Both of the above d. None of the above 16.4 Federal environmental policy 16.4 has taken a backseat lately to this: a. Economic recovery b. The need to wean the U.S. from foreign oil c. Both of the above d. None of the above Video: In the Real World http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_S HARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_So cialPolicy_v2.html 16.4 Toward Reform: Ongoing Challenges in Domestic Policy Policies not fully implemented or successful Opportunities and barriers to change Policy often formulated in context of uncertainty 16.5 16.5 Which of these factors 16.5 contributed to the complexity and difficulty of the policy-making process? a. The decentralized structure of government b. The different interests of different groups c. The public’s focus – or lack of focus – on an issue d. All of the above 16.5 Which of these factors 16.5 contributed to the complexity and difficulty of the policy-making process? a. The decentralized structure of government b. The different interests of different groups c. The public’s focus – or lack of focus – on an issue d. All of the above Discussion Question 16 Why is the U.S. the only developed country without universal health care? Why are Americans disinclined to adopt a single-payer health care system? Video: So What? http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SH ARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Oconner_C h16_Domestic_Policy_Seg6_v2.html 16 Further Review: On MyPoliSciLab 16 Listen to the Chapter Study and Review the Flashcards Study and Review the Practice Tests