Transcript The Aftermath of the War

Casualties of World War I
• Great Britain: 947, 000 dead; 2,122,000
wounded
• France: 1,385,000 dead; 3,044,000 wounded
• Russia: 1,700,000 dead; 4,950,000 wounded
• Italy: 460,000 dead; 947,000 wounded
• US: 115,000 dead; 206,000 wounded
• Germany: 1,808,000 dead; 4,247,000 wounded
• Austrio-Hungarian Empire: 1,200,000 dead;
3,620,000 wounded
• Ottoman Empire: 325,000 dead; 400,000
wounded
Versailles Treaty
• Really five separate
treaties but can think
of them as Versailles
Treaty
• Two approaches:
– Woodrow Wilson
– Georges Clemenceau
(French Premier)
Woodrow Wilson’s Approach
• Fourteen Points
– Guide to future peace
– Open covenants of
peace; openly arrived
at
– National SelfDetermination
– League of Nations
Georges Clemenceau’s
Approach
• Punish Germany
– Blamed Germany for
the war
– Disarm Germany
– Demilitarize the
Rhineland
– Create buffer states in
Eastern Europe
– Make Germany pay for
the war (“war
reparations”)
Results of the Versailles
Conference
• Wilson got the League of
Nations (but neither
Germany nor USSR were
in it)—US Senate vetoed
entire Versailles Treaty.
• Punish Germany:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Germany blamed for war
No Army
Alsace-Lorraine to France
Rhineland demilitarized
No Armaments Industry
Germany pays for War and
Reparations (5 billion +)
National Self-Determination
• Eastern Europe
– Austria-Hungary is
dismantled
• Austria becomes small
country
• Czechoslovakia
• Yugoslavia
• Poland
• Treaty of Trianon
– Hungary becomes a
very small state, losing
much territory and a
majority of the
Hungarians
– Romania (including
large populations of
Hungarians)
Middle East After Settlements
• British Role:
– Arab Revolts
(Lawrence of Arabia)
– Balfour Declaration
• French Role:
– Got Involved in
Palestinian struggles
to prevent British from
getting all Middle East
as new colonies
Treaty of Sevres, August 10, 1920
• Mandates (another
name for colonies to
please President
Wilson)
• Jordon—mandate to
British
• Palestine—to British
• Syria and Lebanon—
French
• Hijaz (Arab)
independent
Consequences of
“Peace to End All War”
•
Rise of the United States
as the Great World Power
(Massive transfer of
wealth from Europe to the
United States)
•
Hitler - World War II
•
The Holocaust
•
Rise of the Soviet Union
•
The Cold War Rivalry
between U.S. and U.S.S.R.
•
•
Arab-Israeli Conflict
Iraq-Iran War
•
Persian Gulf War
•
Bosnia, Kosovo, Serbian
crisis
•
2003 Iraq War
•
2007 Iraq Crisis/Civil
War?