Transcript The United States as a World Power

The United States as a
World Power
Vocabulary
1. Alfred T Mahan
2. Sanford B Dole
3. Jose Marti
4. George Dewey
5. Emilio Aguinaldo
6. John Hay
7. Queen Liliukalani
8. Pancho Villa
9. Imperialism
10.Yellow Journalism
11.De Lome Letter
12.USS Maine
13.Teller Amendment
14.Platt Amendment
15.Protectorate
16.Nationalism
17.Open Door Notes
18.Boxer Rebellion
19.“Great White Fleet”
20.Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine
21.Dollar Diplomacy
22.Sphere of Influence
23.Seward’s Folly
24.“Splendid Little War”
25.Rough Riders
26.San Juan Hill
27.Panama Canal
28.Annexation of Hawaii
Starter 10/15
Test Corrections
15 minutes
today
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Review Goal 7 Test
Review Homework questions
New Homework questions
Begin Goal 6
Journalism Activity
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Read pages 454-466
What policy does the US abandon in the late 1800s? P454
In what ways did imperialistic countries utilize weaker territories p454-55
Describe how imperialism impacted militaries. P455
Compare and contrast how the themes of Social Darwinism and Manifest Destiny are
prevalent in the West following the Civil War, the Northeast during the height of
industrialization and urbanization and in world affairs during imperialism. P 456
What was the “safety valve’ how did it evolve and what role did it serve? 456
Who was William Seward? How did his contemporaries and historians view his actions?
456-57
What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine and how does it become a factor during
Cleveland’s administration? 457
What events led to the United States acquisition of Hawaii? 457-459
What interests did America have in Cuba and what threatened these interests? 460-61
In what way did Yellow Press influence the events in Cuba? 461
How do de Lome and the USS Maine fit into Yellow Press? 461-62
What events pushed the United States into war?
Describe the events that took place in the Philippines. 463
How did Theodore Roosevelt come to fame during the Spanish American War? 464
How did the Spanish American War impact America and the other nations involved? 465-66
Due tomorrow!
1. How did America view Asia and the Philippines? 467
2. Describe the evolution of Aguinaldo’s relationship with the United States.
467
3. What were the effects of the war in the Philippines? 468
4. What role did Taft play in the Philippines? 468-9
5. What is the significance of the Spheres of Influence and how did it threaten
the United States? 469
6. What role did John Hay play in Asia? 469
7. Describe the events that led to the Boxer Rebellion and its significance. 470
8. What was an act of good will by the United States? And how was it meant to
benefit them? 470
9. What was Japan’s response to imperialism? 470
10.Why was Roosevelt awarded the Nobel Peace Prize? 471
11.Describe the causes and effects of the Gentlemen’s Agreement. 471
12.How does the Great White Fleet demonstrate America’s role during the
imperialistic era? 471
• 6.01 Examine the factors that
led to the United States taking
an increasingly active role in
world affairs
Starter: Wednesday, October 25
Copy this chart and complete. Use pages 549-550 for help!
Factor
1. Desire for military strength
2. Thirst for new markets
3. Belief in cultural
superiority
Meaning
(Explain in own words)
Example
Starter: Tuesday, October 31
Now & Then: Puerto Rico (page 559)
1. What are the privileges & rights of members
of an American commonwealth?
2. Why do some Puerto Ricans oppose Puerto
Rico becoming a state?
3. Do you think if Puerto Rico became a state,
Puerto Ricans should have to speak English
and give up their Latino heritage?
Starter: Wednesday, November 1
1. What was the de Lome letter? (553-554)
2. The U.S. maintained a large & well equipped navy
during the Spanish –American War. Describe its
army? (556)
3. Read Pres. McKinley’s statement regarding why the
U.S. should annex the Philippines on page 556
(“Debate over the Treaty)? What was the fallacy in
his statement?
4. What did Booker T. Washington think about
imperialism? (557)
Starter: Thursday, November 2
Read “Geography Spotlight: The Panama Canal:
Funnel for Trade” on pages 572-573. Answer the
questions below:
1. How many miles were saved by a ship sailing from
New York to San Francisco after the Panama Canal
was built?
2. What is an isthmus, according to the reading?
3. How did the Panama Canal enhance world trade
and America’s role in it?
Answers on the next slide, after the class is done!
1.
How many miles were save by a ship sailing from New
York to San Francisco after the Panama Canal was built?
before
13,000 miles
after
5,200 miles
miles saved
7,800 miles
2. What is an isthmus, according to the reading?
a narrow strip of land (connected North & South America)
3. How did the Panama Canal enhance world trade and
America’s role in it?
Answers vary; America was able to trade more efficently
increasing its power as an economic world leader; Global
products were sold more easily and America was able to
participate in this exchange of international goods
The
Scramble for
Africa
1885-1900
History of the
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Century: 1900-1909
What was the “burning issue” of the early 1900s?
What happened to President McKinley at the world fair?
Why did the bosses want Roosevelt to be Vice President?
What was Roosevelt’s “big stick”?
Describe the west in 1900.
Why was the Sears & Roebuck catalog so important?
Name four ways people entertained themselves during the early
1900s.
8. Where did the teddy bear get its name?
9. How did Thomas Edison revolutionize the way Americans were
entertained?
10. Why was the Panama Canal significant?
11. Explain what life was like for children in the early 20th century?
Read Chapter 18, Sect. 2-4 and answer the questions
(write the questions)
1. Why was the opinion of Cuban independence divided?
2. What happened to the USS Maine? What was reported
in the news?
3. Briefly describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris of
1898.
4. Why was the U.S. interested in events in Puerto Rico?
5. What sparked the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 and how
was it crushed?
6. What three key beliefs about America’s industrial
capitalist economy were reflected in the Open Door
Policy?
7. What conflict triggered the war between Japan &
Russia?
8. Why is the construction of the Panama Canal
considered one of the world’s greatest engineering
feats?
9. Explain the key difference between Woodrow Wilson’s
moral diplomacy and Teddy Roosevelt’s “big stick”
diplomacy?
Starter 10/16
• Read the handout and answer the following
• What events led to the US entering the
Philippines?
• What were the reactions of the people to our
presence?
• When was the war officially over?
• When did the US withdraw troops?
Due Friday 10/16
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What challenges resulted due to the Spanish American War? 4733
Describe the relationship America shares with both Puerto Rico and Cuba.
Include significant legislation. 472-473
How did Roosevelt approach imperialism? 473
What benefits and challenges resulted from the construction of the Panama
Canal. 474-475
How did Roosevelt implement the Monroe Doctrine and what was the
response? 475-77
How did Taft’s administration differ from Roosevelt’s? 477
What was America’s foreign policy under Wilson? 477
Describe the events of the Mexican Revolution 748-79
What events led to US troops being deployed to Mexico, what were the
consequences and who were the key players? 479
• 6.02 Identify the areas of United
States military, economic, and
political involvement and influence.
• 6.03 Describe how the policies and
actions of the United States
government impacted the affairs of
other countries.
America Expands Internationally
• Imperialism became a trend in the late 1900s
• Imperialism was the policy in which stronger nations
extended their economic, political, or military control over
weaker territories
• Americans believed it was the “White Man’s Burden” to
extend civilization to the world
• Americans drew from Social Darwinism with the belief
that Anglo-Saxons were the superior race
• These philosophies were used to justify imperialism
Global Competition
• The American imperialism was fueled by three
factors:
– 1. desire for military strength
– 2. thirst for new markets
– 3. belief in cultural superiority
• U.S. Navy Admiral Alfred Mahan urged the
government to build up the navy
Alaska
• Alaska was acquired from Russia in 1867 for $7.2
million
• The purchase was made by Secretary of State
William Seward, who saw the rich natural
resources of the region
• Many criticized Seward, calling the purchase
“Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox”
Hawaii
• Americans had owned sugar plantations in Hawaii
since the 1850s and had made great profits
• They pressured the monarchy of Hawaii to allow
the U.S. to build a naval base (Pearl Harbor) there.
• Eventually, wealthy business owners overthrew
Queen Liliuokalani and Hawaii was a territory of
the US in 1898 (it became the 50th state in 1959)
Queen Liliuokalani
Cuban Independence
• Americans had long been interested in Cuba, and once
offered to buy it from Spain
• In the late 1800s, Cuba was still under Spanish rule but
many Cubans desired independence
• When Cubans rebelled against Spain in 1895 and Spanish
troops were sent in to restore order
• Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to squash the
rebellion
• Cubans were put in concentration camps & brutalized. and
American journalists exposed the horrible conditions
Spanish General
Valeriano Weyler
American Journalist Become
Involved
• American journalists exposed the horrible conditions
in Cuba
• The journalists often exaggerated and told untrue
stories
• They were branded “yellow journalists” and wanted
to ignite the emotions of the U.S. people against
Spain
Yellow Journalists
William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
USS Maine
A U. S. battleship, USS Maine, was sent to the
Havana harbor to protect American property &
bring home American citizens
USS Maine Exploded!
• On February 15, 1898 the USS Maine exploded,
killing 260 men
• Although it was (discovered later) an internal
explosion, the yellow journalists said the Spanish
had blown up the battleship
• Americans became enraged and Congress declared
war on Spain in April of 1898
Remember
the Maine!
Journalism Activity
• Part I
– Search through copies of the newspaper and find
examples of Yellow Journalism today
– Cut it out!
• Part II
– Find a topic of Interest to you in your textbook
– Create a headline and brief article about the topic
– Use the facts but attempt to persuade your
audience to feel a certain way about the topic
The Spanish-American War
• Rather than heading to Cuba, the American naval
fleet headed to Spanish colony of the Philippines
• Within two hours, Commodore George Dewey &
his men had destroyed every Spanish ship
• The Philippines supported American because they
too, wanted independence from Spain
• For the next two months, Filipino forces fought
with the Americans and the Spanish troops
surrendered in August of 1898
Emilio Aguinaldo,
Filipino rebel leader
Commodore
George
Dewey
War in the Caribbean
• During the summer of 1898, fighting took place in
Cuba
• The most famous battle took place on Kettle Hill
& San Juan Hill by the Rough Riders, a
volunteer regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt
Rough Riders
The War Ends
• After 15 weeks of fighting, the U.S. & Spain signed
an armistice (cease fire) in August of 1898.
• The Secretary of War, John Hay, called it “a
splendid little war”
• In December, the U.S. & Spain signed the Treaty
of Paris of 1898
• Cuba was freed, Guam & Puerto Rico were given
to America & the Philippines were sold to the U.S.
for $20 million
Rule in Puerto Rico
• There was a debate regarding whether Puerto Rico
should be independent or annexed to the U.S. as a
state
• In 1900, the Foraker Act gave the U.S. the power
to appoint a governor & members of their upper
house (Puerto Ricans could elect members of their
lower house)
• In 1917, Puerto Ricans became U.S. citizens
• Today, Puerto Rico is considered a commonwealth
Rule in Cuba
• Attached to the Treaty of Paris was the Teller
Amendment, which gave Cuba independence, but
installed the U.S. military government there for 3
years (to protect American businesses & restore
stability)
• In 1900, the Platt Amendment was added, which
limited the Cuban government, gave the U.S. two
naval bases in Cuba, and allowed for U.S.
intervention whenever necessary.
The Panama Canal
• Roosevelt envisioned a canal across the isthmus of
Panama to allow U.S. ships to move more quickly
between the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans
• The Columbian government, which controlled the
territory, refused to sell the land for the project
• The Panamanian (with U.S. support) people
revolted against the Columbians in 1903, and
gained their independence.
The Panama Canal
• The Panamanians leased the land needed for the
canal
• Construction took place from 1905-1914
– Major malaria outbreaks
– Moved 175 million yards of earth
Influence in the Western Hemisphere
• The Roosevelt Corollary (the U.S. would use force to
protect its economic interests in Latin America) led to
increased U.S. involvement Latin America.
• This also became known as Roosevelt’s “Big Stick
diplomacy” (from the West African proverb, “Speak
softly & carry a big stick; you will go far”)
• It meant that the U.S. did not intend to be a threatening
presence, but it would not hesitate to forcefully protect its
own interests
China & the U.S.
• The U.S. wanted to make sure that China remained
open to trade
• The Open Door Policy was established to keep
China open for trade & commerce.
• Some Chinese nationalists, the Boxers, rebelled
against this American influence… this was called
the Boxer Rebellion
• An international force was sent to stop this
rebellion
TEST REVIEW
• Factors that fueled imperialism; define imperialism
• Causes & effects & goals of the Spanish American War (yellow
journalism, USS Maine, Desire for Cuban independence, Treaty of
Paris terms & amendments)
• Roosevelt’s diplomacy (Roosevelt Corollary & “Big Stick”
diplomacy)
• Importance of Panama Canal
• San Juan Hill & Rough Riders; Battles of the Spanish American War
• Purpose of the Open Door Policy & effects (Boxer Rebellion)
• People: Alfred Mahan, Hearst & Pulitzer, Roosevelt, Wilson, George
Dewey
Chapter 18
Classwork/
Homework
Questions
1. Why was the opinion of Cuban
independence divided?
 U.S. businessmen sided with Spain because
they wanted to protect their investments
 The American people sympathized with the
Cuban demand for independence
2. What happened to the USS Maine? What
was reported in the news?
• It exploded
• It was reported that the Spanish had
blown the ship up!
3. Briefly describe the terms of the Treaty of
Paris of 1898.
• Cuba became independent
• Spain gave up Puerto Rico & Guam to
the U.S.
• US paid $20 million for the
Philippines
4. Why was the U.S. interested in events in
Puerto Rico?
Puerto Rico was strategically important to
the U.S. as a way to assert its presence in
the Caribbean and as a base for
protecting a possible canal through the
Isthmus of Panama
5. What sparked the Boxer Rebellion in
1900 and how was it crushed?
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The Boxers stages a revolt to expel
foreigners from China
In August 1900, troops from Britain, France,
Germany, Japan, and the U.S. marched on
the Chinese capital to end the Boxer
Rebellion
6. What three key beliefs about America’s
industrial capitalist economy were
reflected in the Open Door Policy?
1. U.S. economy depended on exports to
ensure growth
2. U.S. had the right to intervene abroad to keep
foreign markets open
3. Closing an area to American products
threatened U.S. survival
7. What conflict triggered the war
between Japan & Russia?
A dispute over control of Korea
8. Why is the construction of the
Panama Canal considered one of the
world’s greatest engineering feats?
 To construct the canal, workers fought diseases
(yellow fever & malaria).
 Had to remove soft volcanic soil that was hard
to remove
9. Explain the key difference between
Woodrow Wilson’s moral diplomacy and
Teddy Roosevelt’s “big stick” diplomacy?
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Roosevelt’s “big stick” diplomacy demanded
that European nations stay out of the affairs in
Latin American nations
Wilson’s “missionary diplomacy” demanded
that countries in Latin America establish
democracies
History of the
th
20 Century:
1910-1919
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In 1914, what happened to Austria-Hungary’s
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife while visiting
Serbia?
Name 2 allies of Austria-Hungary.
Name 1 ally of France.
What was Woodrow Wilson’s position about the U.S.
entering the Great War in Europe (WWI) at the
beginning of the war?
What happened to the cruise liner The Lusitania?
Who won the Presidential election of 1916?
7. What was WWI like for American troops?
8. What sport was America’s past time during the
decade?
9. Describe Woodrow Wilson.
10. Who was John Pershing?
11. Who was Charlie Chaplin?
12. Why was The Birth of a Nation such a hit? Why was it
controversial?
13. What were some of the new technologies used in
WWI?
14. What was the name of Wilson’s peace plan after
WWI?
15. What type of epidemic spread around the
world in 1919?